Book of Revelation and the Fundamentalist Mindset

Strozier makes an interesting argument regarding time in Chapter Ten. According to Strozier, there are two kinds of time: chronological and kairotic. Kairotic is a qualitative measure of time, which is uneven and weighted in value and marked by one’s experiences. Strozier argues that the Book of Revelation marks time kairtoically because time switches back and forth from past to present.

One quote in this chapter that really stood out to me was: “An important consequence psychologically but also politically is to free fundamentalists from an obligation to the actual past and present, that is, the world as we know it. They are defined spiritually and ethically only by their relation to an imagined future.” This quote made me think about our past discussions on born-again Christians and how it was possible for them to live a pure life, even if their past life had been full of sin. With a kairotic mindset of time, the past becomes irrelevant when there is only the future to think about.

Another interesting dualism that Strozier presents in this chapter is the dualism behind evil: Evil is something that fundamentalists condemn but also embrace. They condemn sin and lead pure lives, but according to Strozier it is something that they also embrace because “it confirms their persecution and certainty of redemption.” It seems really un-Christian for a group to wish for sin and evil among others just so that it will cement their standing of purity. Furthermore, it was even more disturbing to hear a lack of sympathy for sinners.

I think that the most powerful section of Strozier’s tenth chapter is “Seven: Redemption”. In this section, Strozier has presented a dualism that the Book of Revelation can be used for good but it can also be used for evil. It was surprising to me that it has inspired others to promote positive social change. I guess when I think about the Book of Revelation, I always think of fundamentalists groups. I think that Strozier makes such a powerful statement when he says: “But it is frankly disturbing to witness the current uses of the text by privileged white Americans. There is great potential for violence when the ruling class feels victimized.”

Suburbias Against Satan: The White Upper Crust and Strozierue

I was struck by how Strozier made the connection between the religions evangelism, the violence in Revelation, and that it is largely being practiced by white, upper-class people.  This was something that I feel I often treat as an assumption, and, reflecting back on the documentation Lee gave us at the beginning of the semester (showing the breakdown of Christianity and its “sects”), am interested in thinking about further.

Obviously, this essay hits at a time that religion and “the future,” is in the American social consciousness. I couldn’t help but think of Romney, though he identifies as a Mormon and thus uses the Book of Mormon, and also how very apocalyptic-style thought has often been used to back certain candidates. As someone who grew up in the midst of a largely white, Christian community, reading Strozier, I couldn’t help but reflect on all of the people I knew growing up (that I could classify as fitting Strozier’s description) and the class/socioeconomic levels of those involved.

I can’t help but think that there are certain correlations between being white, upper-class, and filled with the binary belief system, paranoia, and rage of the world. There is often a privileged belief system (that sometimes can be categorized separate from fundamentalism, and then it’s just ‘racism’ or ‘prejudice’) that is easily identified as ethnocentrism, and allows a rich, white person to separate him or herself from the disparity that, let’s face it, is often more common among minorities. This reinforces a binary. There is also the paranoia (citing this from personal, viewed experience of people I knew/know) of being “attacked,” or somehow endangered or threatened by any “dangerous” minorities, especially, and if someone lives in a gated community (especially one that is largely non-ethnic) I think this kind of belief system is easily strengthened. Add to this the idea that a person in a gated community such as this probably drives.

Now, while it may seem silly to consider driving as reinforcement of the fundamentalist, ethnocentric belief system, when I was doing research about the Houston MTA, one reason that was discussed (by a Rice professor of Urban Studies I interviewed) related to this idea: Driving creates a self, and other. Public transportation, which was failing to pique interest in Houston, was uninteresting to the upper class (and inherently white, by correlation) because it meant there was no space, or separation, from those of other classes, races, social statuses – i.e., the homeless or drug-addicted. I think that the professor was on to something here, though it was hard to quantify this hypothesis. I do think that, often, all of this suburban lifestyle I tend to associate with fundamentalist Christianity inherently reinforces the belief system because it leads to a lot of separation, a lot of niche communities (the evangelists, the Protestants, etc. – all separated and labelled) and this means that those niches (such as the gay area of Montrose Street, Houston) is easily ignored by those who find it sinful or dangerous (such as Joel Osteen).

Searching for Sinners in Fundamentalism

What immediately struck me about this chapter from Strozier was the fact that fundamentalist pastors gain their legitimacy through their knowledge of Revelation.  The ideas and images of Revelation are clearly some of the most popular biblical themes to fundamentalists because it could be about them. Everyone is more fascinated with their own history than with others’, in the same way, fundamentalists believe (and hope) that Revelation is about them.  Therefore, fundamentalists are always in search of and hope that they find the sinners, so that they can be the ones who are saved. Continue reading

Hypocrisy in Todays Fundamentalists

When reading essay 10 by Charles Strozier, I found that it was aggressively against the idea of fundamentalism. At first, it summarizes The Book of Revelation and makes the statement that it is more quoted than actually read, suggesting that the belief systems that fundamentalists cite from the bible are more selectively chosen rather than taken as a whole. Nevertheless at the end of his summary, he speaks about the fundamentalist mindset in seven different aspects starting with time and ending with redemption. Each of them strikes a blow at fundamentalists. This is probably preparation for the movie Jesus Camp, as it has to do with children who are brainwashed into being religious zealots. Throughout the seven aspects of the fundamentalists, common themes such as violence, death, and personal belief are touched upon. Continue reading

Fundamentalist Mindset and Language

I had actually tried reading the Left Behind series a couple of years ago but never got a chance to really finish the first book. Like everyone’s mentioned, Glorious Appearing and the Fundamentalist Mindset essays go hand in hand. The Tribulation Force is trying to fight of the Antichrist, Nicholae Carpathia at the start of the novel, drenching the reader immediately in violent imagery. I think what we need to keep in mind though is that whereas the Rapture and its related events are all still hypothetical for us, the world of Glorious Appearing is a world that is undergoing the seven years of rule under the Antichrist. These characters have lost their family members to God and have been shown proof through Carpathia’s resurrection that there is more to come, which is why the language is so fundamentalist because it is happening in their concrete world.  What I’m particularly interested about though is more language of the essays. We’re all using terminology that Strozier and Boyd used but I found some of their definitions lacking and, to use another of their words, ‘simple-minded’.
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Fundamentalist Mindset and Cities

In spite of all I read about the idea of a New Jerusalem and the strong understanding of how apocalyptic belief affects modern politics granted by my reform Jewish background, I expected a modern fundamentalist writing like “Glorious Appearing” to be an attack on cities and large groups of people gathering in urban spaces. Continue reading

The Fundamentalist Appearing

In LaHaye and Jenkin’s Glorious Appearing, I found the fundamentalist mindset quite noticeable and disturbing – even before I read the Strozier, which I finished after reading GA.  As Colby mentioned, the ideas outlining fundamentalist mindsets – paranoia, dualistic thinking, and rage – are all very clear in Glorious Appearing.

What struck me most, in addition to the connection between Strozier’s essays and the book, was the way I found certain elements of apocalyptic gender roles manifest itself in  Glorious Appearing. Most of the men, despite several having lost wives or loved ones, were single-mindedly focused on Jesus and God in a way that on some levels struck me as homo-erotic. I couldn’t help but think of the thousands of virgin men that would enter New Jerusalem and reflect on the characters in Glorious Appearing, who are mainly male. The few women, and the couple of Naomi and Chang, remain almost wholly devoid of any hints of sexuality, though they do seem to fulfill stereotypical gender roles – Leah, the caring female nurse; Rayford, the rippling, gun-slinging action hero – that I also found in line with the gender roles propagated in The Book of Revelation.

Glorious Appearing and The Fundamentalist Mindset

Reading Strozier and Boyd’s essays and following up with Glorious Appearing by Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins, I–like pretty much everyone else who posted prior to my writing this response–thought that the ideas and concepts about fundamentalism that Strozier and Boyd outlined can be clearly and easily observed in Glorious Appearing. Continue reading

Weekly Response #7: Glorious Appearing and the Fundamentalist Mindset

Initially, it was hard for me to follow Glorious Appearing and it took me a while to realize that this was the twelfth book of the series. I ended up looking up the series to get more sense of the characters and the backstory that I had missed because we had not read the first 11 books in the Left Behind series. Compared to The Rapture, I felt like Glorious Appearing was definitely a more intricate and faithful interpretation of the Book of Revelation and the Apocalypse. Continue reading

Dualistic Violence in Glorious Appearing

Clearly, as it was intended to be, Glorious Appearing was the perfect counterpart to the Strozier’s essays on the fundamentalist mindset. It is almost as if LaHaye and Jenkins wrote the book to encapsulate every idea that Strozier links with a fundamentalist Apocalypse. It is hard to imagine that Glorious Appearing was written without thoughts of dualistic violence and an eagerness for the end of the world.