It seems like the authors have a negative point of view on city planning. While planning is important in order to effectively use the available space,it does not always work the way the planners want it to. The most planned areas tend to fall apart the fastest. The reasons for this remain unknown. However, one major reason is that city planning does not always take the communities’ wishes into perspective. Planning is solely based on theory, not on people’s emotions. This is one downside to city planning. Any neighborhood will become a slum if people do not want to live there. If city planners do not take into account what the people of the neighborhood want, then they will leave. The only people left will be those who cannot afford to leave. This is why slums form, no matter how much more planning goes into the area. Jane Jacobs cared what the people wanted, and planed accordingly. However, Robert Moses planned for the most efficient city possible. He used mostly theory in his planning, and used his influence in order to get his wishes to come true.He was more of a modernist and wanted to make the city more available for cars. He built massive highways and bridges in order to connect the city and make it more accessible. Most of his plans worked, however many were turned down due to their projected effect on the city. While his projects were useful in the longterm, at the time they displaced many people. This form of city planning is not good for the city overall, because it can lead to an increase in slums where the citizens are unhappy.

Discussion question: If city planning is considered a pseudoscience that often does not work and leads to the creation of slums, why continue to attempt to plan out a perfect city?