Research Journal: Debate on Hudood Ordinances in Television Series

Khan, A. (2006). After TV Series, Pakistan Rethinks Rape, Sex Laws. Christian Science Monitor, 98(157), 1-10.

Geo Television Network is a private station that has emerged in recent years. To determine whether the Hudood Ordinances are divine or man-made, Geo TV organized a show called “Zara Sochieye” – it literally translates to “Just Think” in Urdu. In this show, Islamic scholars, clerics, muftis, and jurists were invited to debate on the issue. Despite the fact that scholars were from various schools of thought, they all agreed that the law was flawed and needed change. Mohammad Farooq Khan, a religious scholar, stated, “The biggest flaw in the ordinance is that it does not distinguish between fornication and rape.”

Although one cannot say that this television show is the main reason why Hudood Ordinances came under spotlight, it certainly began a conversation about its repeal. It also brought attention to some of the statistics, which were either not talked about or not well known at that time. For instance, in 2005, Human Rights Commission of Pakistan reported that out of the 6,000 women imprisoned, two-thirds cases were directly related to Hudood. I think that when people see such high rates of imprisonment due to Hudood Ordinances, they can understand the restrictive nature of these laws. The opinion of public matters a lot because, theoretically, they can influence the government’s decisions about amendments of such laws. So having shows like this being aired on national television can prove to be a catalyst in the improvement of women’s rights.

Khan mentions that the Islamic Ideology Council, which is comprised of up to 20 scholars from both Sunni and Shiite sects, is a constitutional body created for advising the government on religious laws. My next step should be to find more about how this legal body functions. Although this is not on my immediate to-do list, I am also going to peruse through sections of the show and understand both sides of the debate.

Research Journal on Women Prisoners in Pakistan: Changing Practices to Enforce Laws and Rights

Ali, A., and Shah, N. A. (2011). Women Prisoners In Pakistan: Changing Practices To Enforce Laws & Rights. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review. 1(4). 57-63.

In Pakistan, rates of female imprisonment have increased significantly over the recent decades. Ali and Shah identify the Hudood Ordinances as one of the major reasons for the increase. They cite that a report by National Commission on the Status of Women states that 80% of female prisoners are locked up because they cannot disprove rape charges and have subsequently been convicted of adultery. (They did not provide which year the report was released.) Furthermore, 80% of them are raped in police custody.

Ali and Shah note that only 10% of the judges in the country are female. They argue that people (including judges) carry the cultural prejudices of their society. Having predominantly male judges reflects the patriarchal norms that work against women. The lack of representation of women in the judicial system is troubling. I want to find out the percentage of female judges in lower and higher courts and see whether more restrictive laws are applied to rape charges in the lower or higher levels of judiciary. This will enable me to see if there is a higher correlation between male judges and restrictive laws issued.

Ali and Shah conducted a study at Youth Offenders and Special Prison for Women, a jail founded in 1993 in Peer Ilahi Bakhash Colony, Jamshed Town. After surveying 200 women prisoners under the jail staff’s supervision, they concluded the following:

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