Response to Week 4 Readings – Izabela Suster

The process of gentrification was the primary focus of my MCHC 1002 course with Professor Bayoumi. As such, “The Birth of Gentrification” by Loretta Lees was one of the first class assigned readings. A year ago, the class discussed the article in relation to Park Slope. Reading it now, I appreciate the differentiation Lee’s made between “brownstoning” and “redevelopment” because of how interchangeably the two terms are used in texts regarding gentrification. My favorite line, from Lees, was on the irony of gentrification as well-to-do middle class citizens move to the city despite preferring to live in a rural setting, living a more traditional life. In conclusion, I look forward to having a class discussion based on the scholarly content of the article rather than being based on personal anecdotes.

“Mapping the Gentrification Frontier” by Neil Smith was more difficult to understand as the author elaborated on complex economic theories and terms. However, beyond this, my biggest challenge, while reading the article, was visualizing the progression of reinvestment, in an area, without the maps and charts included in the original article.

Question: When did the reinvestment turning point begin in Williamsburg?

Crown Heights – Izabela Suster

If one wishes to visit Crown Heights, the Nostrand Avenue stop on the A or C subway line will drop you off right at the northern most tip of the neighborhood, at the intersection of Nostrand Avenue and Fulton St. Another option would be to take the 2, 3, 4, 5, Q, B, D, N or the R to the Atlantic Avenue-Barclays Center Station. From there, one can walk eastward along any of the streets cutting across Flatbush Avenue between the Barclay’s Center and Grand Army Plaza. This route, while admittedly more time consuming and tedious, captures the gradual shift from gentrified Flatbush to Crown Heights. I decided to take this route, walking along St. Marks Avenue from Flatbush Avenue to Nostrand Avenue.

From my time spent in the neighborhood, no other institution seems more central to the Crown Heights community than religion. During the course of my walk, a string pizzerias and delis popped up and then receded every few blocks. However, this food desert doesn’t lack houses of worship. Baptist and Methodist churches come in the form of derelict storefronts and crumbling stone churches.

Location 1: Royal Bakery & Roti House at 618 Nostrand Avenue

Date: February 12th

Time: 4:05 – 4:25PM

The Royal Bakery, according to Yelp, is “where the locals go”. The traditional Trinidadian bakery offers coconut rolls, roti and sponge cake. Behind the counter stood a Trinidadian woman and at the far end of the counter was another man engaged in conversation with a male customer. Hanging on the wall behind the men was the flag of Trinidad. The woman took my order (two coconut rolls) and granted me permission to take photographs. There was no seating area so I remained standing. While there, the main event was the conversation between the two men, who spoke of politics. Occasionally the woman would interject with her opinion. For the duration of my visit, the place quiet with little foot traffic. The few customers who did shuffle in were regulars, as indicated by their casual relationship with the employees.

Who is here: The locals (Yelp didn’t lie.)

Location 2: Connecticut Muffin at 615 Nostrand Avenue

Date: February 12th

Time: 5:30 – 6:30PM

The Connecticut Muffin located at the corner of Nostrand Ave and Bergen St., struck me as being oddly out of place. I recognized the coffee house franchise from its two locations in Park Slope. The café is spacious, with several round tables and one large communal table. The space is large enough for customers to keep to themselves. At 5:30, when I walk in, there are only two women sitting in the café, both charging their phones. I order a small coffee and become the third patron to do so. The large selection of pastries offered remains untouched as right outside the glass doors, lay authentic and inexpensive bakeries like Royal Bakery. Over the course of an hour, one group of three white males walk in and joke with the barista. Shortly after, another group of three walked in. After an hour, I left the establishment, witnessing no major shift in mood or occupancy.

Who is here: People who want to charge their phones and to drink crappy coffee.

Who is not here: The locals.

Response to Week 3 Readings – Izabela Suster

“De Blasio’s Doomed Housing Plan” by Samuel Stein, as published in the Jacobin, was a thoroughly enjoyable read. The structure of the piece is very reader-friendly as Stein guides the reader through a series of proposed solutions to De Blasio’s plan. This structure imitates the complexity of NYC’s housing problem, as answering yes/or no to question A (as proposed by Stein) may lead you forward to step B or send you back to A.

The first chapter of “The Neoliberal City” by Jason Hackworth introduced the reader to the philosophies of classic liberalism, egalitarian liberalism, and Keynesianism. At the end of this chapter, I felt as if I had learned a lot but I failed to see how this information applied to contemporary social issues. Chapter three seeks to address this problem, by putting the previously mentioned philosophies into perspective. Towards the conclusion of the piece, I was especially interested in the grants awarded to individuals PHAs for demolition of the most “severely distressed” housing units. During Nixon’s War on Drugs, a similar practice was used to reward police precincts that carried out the most profitable police raids. If one parallel were not enough, the “One Strike and You’re Out” program is similar to the “three strikes” law, which feeds mass incarceration in the USA.

Question: What is the chain of ownership in a community land trust? What is a relevant example of a community land trust? How many community land trusts are there in NYC?

Response to Week 2 Readings – Izabela Suster

“Criminalizing Homelessness” and “The Homeless” provide an academic and anthropological perspective, as the articles define specific terms used in the field and political arena, when discussing homelessness. The brevity of both articles is admirable. Together, the two articles list four major ways homeless is criminalized, provide solutions and give a brief overview of housing policy change in the 70s and 90s.

“Hidden City”, by contrast, provides the “human” perspective, on homelessness, with anecdotes and quotes from NYC’s homeless residents. The back and forth between Markee, Brosnahan and Gibbs was well delivered, reading like a political debate, staged for an audience of one: the reader. By comparison, the remainder of the article was poorly delivered. Frazier fails to cite any credible sources and uses phrases like “more than”, “probably” and “hundreds’ rather than whole integers, when delivering statistical information. Perhaps the most upsetting is Frazier’s habit of putting statistics in terms of the size of football stadiums. This comparison may appeal to some readers but for others, this method fails to address the sad, widespread reality of homelessness.

Question: As of February 2015, what is DeBlasio’s public housing agenda?

Response to Assigned Reading, Week 1 – Izabela Suster

“Cities, Change and Conflict: A Political Economy of Urban Life” is an appropriate, yet dull, introduction to the paradigms of urban ecology and urban political economy. The work, which summarizes the work of several famous twentieth century philosophers, comes off as rushed and patronizing.  The piece reads like a textbook, with very information-dense paragraphs. As such, the work did not hold my attention very well throughout.As a reader, I would have appreciated more of the author’s commentary and analysis scattered throughout.

Opening “Black Corona: Race and the Politics of Place in an Urban Community” with the story of a long-time Corona resident gave me the impression that the piece was based on ethnographic fieldwork. Reading further, the text gives way to straightforward arguments (I, personally, agree with) supported by valid and credible sources. The material was not lacking any supplementary information. However, having only limited access to the work, I am unable to appreciate the extent of Gregory’s research, which is elaborated on in later chapters.

Question: Which model, Hoyt’s sector model, Burgess’s concentric zone model or Harris and Ullman’s multiple nuclei model, best fits New York City?