Posts

Andi Kolari

Professor Vejdemo-Johansson

HON 223 Seminar

11/22/2021

Research Description

The aim of this research was to develop an understanding of how climate change will impact the Earth past the year 2100 if no climate action is taken. By analyzing patterns in climate change, and years of pre-existing data, scientists were able to analyze the impact of climate change in multiple distinct areas. They identified tangible impacts to vegetation and human well being. Based on these results, they were able to then analyze the impact this would have on society directly, such as ensuing food shortages, necessary human migrations, and others. The scientists analyzed these societal factors throughout many different regions.

 

Abstract and Research vs Article

The abstract and research actually have quite a different focus than most of the article. The abstract does what one expects an abstract to do. It gives a very brief overview of what goal the scientists were trying to accomplish. In the case of this experiment, the goal was to identify impacts of climate change on Earth by the year 2500. They explained this, and their results, and that is essentially the entire abstract. Part of the reason for their goal was to stress the importance of taking climate action, by showing the radical changes between now and 2500 if no action is taken. As such, the scientists behind this study did something extremely novel. Using the data they collected, they created analyses of individual regions across the globe. Then, after conducting these analyses and reaching conclusions on what these areas would look like, they actually passed their data on to artists, who then created artistic representations of what the data suggested the individual regions would look like by the year 2500, as to really motivate people to take action on climate change. The article primarily focuses on these artistic interpretations, only occasionally focusing on the raw data. Since the art is so much easier for an average person to digest, the article focuses on that, only devoting a few sentences to explaining how the scientists did it, and the numerical/analytical results of the experiment. Likewise, the differences between the actual research itself and the article are very similar. The research paper is composed of five sections, not including introduction and conclusion. Of these 5 sections, none are entirely devoted to the art. In fact, the art is only present in section 5, and exists only to enhance the individual regional analyses conducted by the scientists. In contrast, the art really is the entire focus of the article. The job of the research is to be research, and as such, it is held to extreme scrutiny. Every conclusion the researchers reached in the lead up to their primary conclusion is substantiated, whether that be through the findings of their research, complex mathematical analysis, etc. In contrast, the article really is more focused on the art, and conveying the message that action must be taken on climate change, using this fusion of art and science as a tool to do so, but mostly focusing on the art.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sources Cited

• Lyon et al. Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100. Global Change Biology. Published online September 24, 2021. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15871.
• Gramling, Carolyn. “How Will Climate Change Reshape the World by 2500?” Science News, 18 Nov. 2021, https://www.sciencenews.org/article/climate-change-projections-2500.

 

For 11/8:

Article Source:  Brain cell differences could be key to learning in humans and AI (https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/10/211006112626.htm )

 

Article Summary:

A recent study shows that by diversifying the electrical properties of brain cells, learning becomes more efficient. The researchers who conducted the study wanted to see if having a similar diversity in the neural networks of computers could improve artificial intelligence, and saw that the models with a similar variability to human brains performed the best.

 

Journal Source: Neural heterogeneity promotes robust learning (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26022-3 )

 

Journal Study:

Nicolas Perez-Nieves, and two other researchers study how neural heterogeneity helped improve the performance spiked neural networks. This specifically occurred due to the heterogeneous network having a more stable training trajectory and better test accuracy. The networks had to make judgements based on complex,  but very real decisions humans make, such as recognizing digits from different handwriting, and identifying gestures or commands.

Comparisons:

• Both the article and the journal discuss the importance of time constants and the diversity of cells (simulated or otherwise) for heterogeneity to thrive.
• Other than the abbreviation of the word AI, the article did not try to use any colloquial terms to simplify concepts, and even quotes the researchers involved in the study.
• Only the full research article includes any graphs to represent data

Melena Scala

HON 223

Science News Article 3

This week, I found an article called, “Children who don’t eat eggs before first birthday more likely to develop egg allergy.” The title of the article is self-explanatory as it describes a study that found that 0.6 percent of one year old children and 0.8 percent of children six or younger in the study had an egg allergy. The parents of these children supposedly did not frequently feed their children eggs, suggesting that introducing eggs into the diet at an early age may prevent egg allergies. The article reports that these results were found using a survey of 2,237 parents, however I could not find an actual link to the study to verify that this was the procedure used. The hyperlinks in the article only led me to other pages on the website. When I clicked on one of the links it only took me to a page of articles on the website that were tagged “eggs;” another link led me to one with articles tagged “allergies.” Eventually, I found a link to a press release of the findings which included almost exactly the same information and wording used in the original article. The press release was posted on the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology website. The organization and doctors listed seem to be credible when I looked them up online, but I still couldn’t find the actual source for the original study in the press release.

 

“News & Resources.” ACAAI 2021 | Increased Frequency of Eating Eggs in Infancy Associated with Decreased Egg Allergy Later On, annualmeeting.acaai.org/2021/egg-allergy.cfm.

Study Finds, et al. “Children Who Don’t Eat Eggs before First Birthday More Likely to Develop Egg Allergy.” Study Finds, 5 Nov. 2021, www.studyfinds.org/kids-dont-eat-eggs-egg-allergy/.

 

Article #3

Justin Zaluk

Professor Vejdemo-Johansson

HON 223

8 November 2021

“Scientists Pinpoint Personality Traits that Increase Risk of Alzheimer’s”

        The scientific news article “Scientists Pinpoint Personality Traits that Increase Risk of Alzheimer’s”, published by the New York Post and written by Vanessa Chalmers, conveys an intriguing scientific discovery that is based off of a peer reviewed research paper. As a way to give some background regarding this prominent topic, the article explains the five major categories of personalities that researchers look at when considering mental health. These “conscientiousness”, “agreeableness”, “neuroticism”, “openness”, and “extroversion” personality types involve individuals that range from compassionate and calm, to anxious and depressed. Chalmers goes on to elaborate how a group of scientists conducted a study known as the “Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging”, in which three thousand individuals participated in a complex personality assessment. These researchers performed brain scans on the participants a year later, searching for evidence of tau and amyloid proteins around brain cells, which are both largely connected to gradual memory loss. The article explains how it was revealed that the neuroticism personality type displayed higher protein buildup, when compared to the more calm-natured conscientious members. Although Chalmers makes it clear that correlation does not necessarily mean causation in this case, this revelation can be helpful in exploring the lifestyles of neurotic and conscientious individuals. As a result, new links to the causes of Alzheimer’s, the most common form of dementia, could possibly be revealed and studied in greater detail.

        The aforementioned scientific study was reported in a peer-reviewed research paper posted in the journal Biological Psychiatry, and is titled “Personality associations with amyloid and tau: Results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and meta-analysis”. Throughout the first section of this publication, a general background involving the five personality types, along with their theorized link to dementia, is briefly explained. However, the nature of the Baltimore Aging study is displayed in greater detail. Older adults, free of dementia and other major diseases, were the only individuals that participated. The research team describes how one “PET” brain scan was taken for tau and amyloid proteins, within a year of the personality self-assessment. The tau PET scans involved the F-AV-1451 radiotracer to look for the protein, while the amyloid scans used the PiB compound, over a seventy minute duration. In a visual table, the paper reports the results of the study, which included higher measured volumes of tau and amyloid proteins in participants that were identified with neuroticism. Finally, the paper expands on important limitations of the study, and how it could improve in the future. This includes utilizing a wider and more diverse sample group, as well as more extensive studies of the tau protein, combined with observer ratings. This could produce more accurate results, and allow for the underlying causes of Alzheimer’s to be better understood. These findings also referenced and reviewed twelve existing studies involving dementia and personality, allowing the information conveyed to be more precise.

        Many discrepancies, similarities, and unique aspects can be found when viewing both the research paper and Vanessa Chalmer’s article. For instance, the paper’s abstract and content of the article can be specifically compared. Both pieces of text include a brief background, method, and results that catch the reader’s attention and use simple terminology. Although the abstract delved deeper into “positron emission tomography” (PET) brain scans, it sums up the study in a coherent way, allowing the reader to focus deeper on the research paper if desired. The research paper, which was relatively easy to find after reading the New York Post article, had more notable differences than the abstract. As an example, specific measurements such as confidence intervals, length of brain scanning, and protein volumes were all used as supporting evidence for the discovery, and were not located in the article. Furthermore, the previously mentioned limitations are crucial to understanding the trustworthiness of the study, and were not published in the brief article. Aside from this, similarities were present as well. These included extensive descriptions of the five main personality types, as well as how they can give insight into an individual’s lifestyle. All of these similarities and differences between the article, abstract and paper itself did not take away from the study being described. This instance of scientific advancement allows for new theories to be made involving the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer’s in the future.

 

Works Cited

Chalmers, Vanessa. “Scientists Pinpoint Personality Traits That Increase Risk of Alzheimer’s.” New York Post, New York Post, 1 Nov. 2021, https://nypost.com/2021/10/28/scientists-pinpoint-personality-traits-that-increase-risk-of-alzheimers/. 

Terracciano, Antonio, et al. “Personality Associations with Amyloid and Tau: Results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and Meta-Analysis.” Biological Psychiatry, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.08.021. 

 

Matthew Keeler

Professor Vejdemo-Johansson

HON 223

November 8, 2021

 

One article that I found interesting when searching various sources for this week was “New Study Reveals How Alzheimer’s Disease Progresses in the Brain” by Julia Musto posted in the New York Post. The article starts off by explaining the idea of how Alzheimer’s develops in the brain with the protein tau and protein beta-amyloid. Within this article they discuss the findings from a research paper in which scientists from the University of Cambridge studied the growth of these proteins to identify how these “seeds” within the brain replicate and were able to quantify this information with a mathematical model. The news article includes a tweet that demonstrates the brain models that were utilized for the study and contains a quote from the article that encapsulated their conclusions from the study. While stating the findings directly from the research paper, the news article discusses how this is a progression from recent studies of the tau protein’s spread in regions of the brain and the promising importance for the development of new treatments and therapies. Overall, I found that the article is structured in a way to offer background information of the proteins in the brain, discussing the results, then explaining the effect that these findings can have on future research.

         When reading through the abstract of the research paper I noticed a lot of similarities to the news article from the New York Post. Once again, they start off by discussing the two proteins that are implicated in the progression of Alzheimer’s Disease in regions of the brain. They discuss their method of bringing together kinetics and measurements to come up with a quantification for the rates of different datasets which revealed the replication in which the number of seeds doubles in 5 years. It was revealed that the rate of progression is being dominated by local replication that occurs within the regions of the brain and when plugged into a spatially dependent reaction equation scientists were able to conclude that their growth rate to be doubling in that five-year period. Additionally, there is finding that there is initiation of aggregation reaction, but this is ultimately taken over by the local replication of the proteins that spreads faster than the time scale of the Alzheimer’s disease itself. By creating these quantitative models can be used in the future to not only determine the rate-limiting process of the body, but also can quantify the tauopathies and other aggregation related diseases with this information there can be therapies developed to help slow the rates of these aggregation diseases.

         Overall, when it comes to the comparison between the abstract and the news article from the New York Post they are identical with a lot of the same information coming straight from the abstract. In addition to this, they include a heavy block quote and tweet of a diagram present in the research paper to capture the ideas from the study. As I have realized the news articles present the paper in a way to get clicks on their article but was able to keep the idea and conclusions from the study the same and doesn’t skew the results or data presented in the research paper itself.

 

 

Works Cited

Meisl, Georg, et al. “In vivo rate-determining steps of tau seed accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease.” Science Advances 7.44 (2021): eabh1448.

News, F. (2021, November 3). New study reveals how alzheimer’s disease progresses in the brain. New York Post. Retrieved November 8, 2021, from https://nypost.com/2021/11/03/new-study-reveals-how-alzheimers-disease-progresses-in-the-brain/. 

 

Andi Kolari

Professor Vejdemo-Johansson

HON 223 Seminar

11/08/2021

Research Description

The aim of this research was to develop an understanding of how climate change is impacting the height of the troposphere. From 1980 to 2000, the height of the tropopause increased, though it was unclear if these changes in height could be used as a benchmark to predict changes in height after 2000, as those changes were not consistent with models predicting change after 2000. The scientists completed their objective using meteorological balloons to measure the height of the troposphere in the northern hemisphere, ultimately concluding that changes in the height of the troposphere were consistent with changes from 1980 to 2000.

 

Abstract vs Article

The abstract is much more in depth than the article. The abstract is extremely brief. It describes the goal of the research article as analyzing the change in the earth’s tropopause height over a 20-year period. It very, very briefly describes how they did it. It describes what they found, and it describes what they believe to be a potential cause, and compares the data to pre-existing data from 20 years . In contrast, the article is somehow even more brief. All the article does is state that the tropopause is rising because of climate change and that is literally it. It says the tropopause has risen about 200 meters over 40 years, includes a few quotes from one of the researchers, and that is it. It’s an extremely brief article that only really restates the conclusion of the research, and a very shortened version at that.

 

Research vs Article

Unsurprisingly, the research is far more in depth than the article, as there is almost nothing to the article. The article really is just a restatement of the conclusion of the study, while the research is an actual report on the study. Every conclusion the researchers reached in the lead up to their primary conclusion is substantiated, weather that be through the findings of their research, complex mathematical analysis, etc. A research journal will be held to the upmost scrutiny. The researchers will exhaust every resource available to them to ensure that they conducted a proper scientific experiment and their findings are true and valid. The larger scientific community will hold their findings to extreme scrutiny to ensure that the science is ethical and accurate. They are actually conducting a scientific study, and reporting it to the scientific community. In contrast, the article really is just a restatement of the conclusion for wider audiences beyond academia.

 

Sources Cited

• Meng et al. Continuous rise of the tropopause in the Northern Hemisphere over 1980–2020. Science Advances. Published online November 5, 2021. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abi8065.
• Kreier, Freda. “Earth’s Lower Atmosphere Is Rising Due to Climate Change.” Science News, 5 Nov. 2021, https://www.sciencenews.org/article/earth-lower-atmosphere-rising-climate-change-troposphere.

Maxim Kleyer

Professor Vejdemo-Johansson

Hon 223

10/17/2021

The science article I chose this week to read and describe was about climate change and how our lower atmosphere has been rising over the past decades. The article I found Earth’s lower atmosphere is rising due to climate change  by Freida Kreier is a very short article that talks about the increase of distance the lower atmosphere has moved from our planet. She mentions that the readings collected by a water balloon in the Northern Hemisphere have indicated the upper boundary of the troposphere is being pushed due to climate change. Jane Liu, an environmental scientist, says that the troposphere height from the earth ranges depending on where you are, 20km in the tropics and 7km in the poles, and the range increases and decreases as air expands in hot temperatures and contracts in cold ones. However, she mentions that greenhouse gases are being stored in the atmosphere, slightly expanding the troposphere every year. In comparison with the actual research article made by Jane Liu and her colleagues, the results go more into detail about their findings. Liu and her colleagues’ studies ranged from 1980-2020 and found that the troposphere is expanding at specific coordinates (20°N – 80°N) by 50-80m per decade. The reason for a wide range of expansion is because over 40 years there have been different temperatures in regards to climate change. Liu explains, “Variability in tropopause height is closely related to the thermal structure below and above. On the monthly scale, monthly anomalies of tropopause height are positively correlated with tropospheric temperature anomalies and negatively correlated with stratospheric temperature anomalies.“ In other words, the troposphere expansion is not only related to the rapid climate change, but also the stratosphere’s temperature changes as well. According to the trend analysis shown by Liu and her colleagues and correlation analysis on monthly and multidecadal scales, a combined influence of the continuous increase in GHG emissions and partial recovery of stratospheric ozone is directly related to the warming of the troposphere. In short, the troposphere is more prone to expanding and increase in temperature than the stratosphere.

Works Cited:
– L. Meng et al. Continuous rise of the tropopause in the Northern Hemisphere over 1980–2020. Science Advances. Published online November 5, 2021. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abi8065.

– Kreier, Freda. “Earth’s Lower Atmosphere Is Rising Due to Climate Change.” Science News, 5 Nov. 2021, https://www.sciencenews.org/article/earth-lower-atmosphere-rising-climate-change-troposphere. 

Madison DeGrezia

Professor Vejdemo-Johansson

HON 223

8 November 2021

Cure for Obesity: Fact or Fiction?

After thoroughly researching and examining the recent articles uploaded to the New York Post, the news article pertaining to controlling obesity rates has caught my interest. The article, “Scientists believe obesity may be cured by modifying a series of genes called ‘hippo’”, by Chris Pollard discusses the possibility of controlling the obesity rates by altering a series of genes referred to as “the hippo pathway”. Obesity has greatly affected America due to the lack of exercise and the increasing amount of fatty foods. The new generations are getting even more lazier in the surge of technology and the absence of physical activity during the Covid-19 pandemic. More and more people are remaining confined to their homes and are less motivated to go outside and parktake in some healthy physical activity with their peers. Consequently, the obesity rates have skyrocketed over the years, however recent research and studies have provided hope for a cure for obesity and the possibility of a healthier generation.

The New York Post article written by Pollard based its findings off of the data published on the peer-reviewed open access platform, PLOS Biology, titled, “Zyxin Links Fat Signaling to the Hippo Pathway”, by authors Cordelia Rauskolb,Guohui Pan, B. V. V. G. Reddy, Hyangyee Oh, Kenneth D. Irvine. The article highlights the role the hippo pathway genes play in our body and their responsibility of regulating organ size. A study was conducted on fruit flies where four genes in the brain were turned on and off to pinpoint the effect it would have on the behavior and growth of the body. Fruit flies specifically share a similar gene makeup with humans, roughly 75%, of genes that are linked to causing disease. Researchers used the data gathered on the fruit flies and suggested a possible solution to limiting the number of people suffering from obesity. It was proven that when the hippo pathway genes were not active, the species in question gained a significant amount of weight. Therefore, researchers were optimistic in determining if the same outcome would occur in the human body, allowing for treatments to be created and put in practice in the future to reduce fat. According to the study, researchers analyzed the direct impact the hippo pathway has on organs in a fruit fly, specifically the wing growth and the wing discs. The study demonstrated that the lack of Zyx in wing disc development resulted in adult flies having significantly smaller wings compared to their fellow counterparts. It was also proven that hippo signaling is in control of leg growth, so shorter legs were a consequence of Zyx depletion. The study further explored the correlation between Zyx and the hippo pathway and looked at the effect it had on the discs of wings. Overall, the study concluded that the absence of Zyx influences the Yki pathway, ultimately resulting in reduced organ growth.

The published New York Post article and the research paper share some commonalities, but there are some discrepancies that clearly set them apart from each other. Both the article and the research paper acknowledge the role the hippo pathway genes play in the body and the control those genes have on organ growth. However, the study specifically focuses on fruit flies and how the absence of Zyx, which is “a regulator of hippo signaling”, affects the growth of valuable organs in fruit flies, such as their wings and legs. The paper never clearly states that this could be connected to human obesity in the world and that hippo signaling could promise a cure to reduce fat. The article does mention that there was not a clear link between hippo pathway genes and obesity, however the author does do a great job at selling the idea of the possibility of it to his audience. This is a common issue in the scientific community when their findings are released and discussed on social media platforms. This is due to the public altering the findings of a study and making a bizarre assumption of what it could possibly infer. The public tends to completely revamp a study’s findings and alter it in a way that would grab the attention of the public. The New York Post article was condensed and provided minimal background information for the study conducted on fruit flies. The abstract and the New York Post article were in agreement that the hippo pathway genes regulate organ growth, but the abstract provided a significant amount of information regarding the study. The abstract expressed that there was a correlation between Zyx and hippo signaling along with organ growth. The purpose of both the abstract and the New York Post article is to grab the reader’s attention and draw them in to wanting to read more. However, the NY Post article gave false hope to the public and rather made an inaccurate assumption based off of the study that has not been fully researched yet.

 

Work Cited

Rauskolb, Cordelia, et al. “Zyxin Links Fat Signaling to the Hippo Pathway.” PLOS Biology, Public Library of Science, 7 June 2011, https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.1000624#abstract1. 

Sun, The. “Scientists Believe Obesity May Be Cured by Modifying a Series of Genes Called ‘Hippo’.” New York Post, New York Post, 5 Nov. 2021, https://nypost.com/2021/11/05/scientists-believe-obesity-may-be-cured-by-modifying-a-series-of-genes-called-hippo/. 

 

Marco Korcak

Professor Vejdemo-Johansson

MHC 223

September 27, 2021

 Signs of Dementia can be detected in blood

           The human brain is very complex and changes as a person gets older in age. Some individuals develop age-associated cognitive diseases while some age without pathological memory impairments and this issue has been an area of study. An article posted by the New York Post addresses the new research conducted by scientists from the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases which reveals warning signs that could indicate impending dementia in blood. This was based on the peer reviewed research paper published and is significant because with the current state of medical knowledge, symptoms of dementia become noticeable when the brain is already massively damaged. Although age associated pathological memory impairments have been a large problem, new research can lead to medical professional’s being able to treat these issues in its early stages.                                                                                                         The New York Post published an article titled “New research suggests signs of dementia can be detected in blood” which was written by Julia Musto. The article based its reporting off a research paper published by the scientific journal “EMBO Molecular Medicine”. The article stated that certain levels of microRNAs could be harbingers of dementia. This was mentioned because microRNAs are molecules that regulate and influence the production of proteins. After conducting research through the analysis of human data and mechanistic studies in model systems, scientists have identified a circulating 3-microRNA signature that reflects key processes associated with the ability of a cell to detect perturbation. The researchers looked at both young and healthy humans with already diagnosed patients in addition to animal and cellular disease models. The results of the research showed that in healthy individuals, levels of microRNAs correlated with mental fitness and individuals with a lower blood count performed better in cognition testing. Patients with mild cognitive impairment were found to have an increased blood level of the three microRNAs and 90 percent developed Alzheimer’s disease within two years. Overall, the article summarized the findings of the research article while briefly explaining the significance.                                                               “A microRNA signature that correlates with cognition and is a target against cognitive decline” is a research article published by a team of researchers from the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases. The authors include Rezaul Islam, Lalit Kaurani, Tea Berulava and many more. The article was published on October 11, 2021, after undergoing extensive peer review and has received large media coverage since its publishing. The abstract of the article states that the goal of the research was to find an inexpensive and minimal invasive approach that could be used for screening to identify individuals at risk for cognitive decline. The researchers used an integrative approach that combined the analysis of human data and mechanistic studies in model systems to identify a circulating 3-microRNA signature that reflects key processes linked to neural homeostasis and inform about cognitive status. The scientists identified that expression changes in this signature represent multiple mechanisms deregulated in aging and diseased brain. The researchers aimed at identifying a molecular marker that correlates with subtle differences in the cognitive status in healthy individuals since molecular changes often occur years before clinical symptoms manifest and the diagnosis is made. In essence, the results from this experiment prove to be very crucial and informative which can lead to further studies and experiments being done.                                                                                                                                                                  After reading the New York Post article and research article itself, it is evident that there are numerous similarities, but many discrepancies present as well. In terms of the general concept and results the article matched up with the research paper. The article published mentioned the findings but failed to accurately convey the process that was done in order to get the results. The article stated that MicroRNAs were examined but did not explain why. The researchers examined microRNAs and their signatures because the molecular markers show subtle differences well before clinical symptoms manifest and the diagnosis is made which can allow people to get treated earlier. When people get diagnosed, the brain is massively damaged and it is usually too late to have effective treatment so if it can be detected earlier, the chances of positively influencing the course of the disease increases. Moreover, the article mentioned the use of mice in the experiment but not the reasoning for this experiment. Mice were used to study the brain and blood, so the relevant model system was employed. Age-associated memory decline is a well-established and highly reproducible phenotype observed in laboratory rodents and in humans and affects similar brain regions. Additionally, circulating microRNAs common in mice and humans are comparable in expression and can reliably measure circulating microRNAs in living mice. The article published by the New York Post did not fully explain the significance of the experiments that were done or the reasoning behind them. In essence, there were similarities between the research article and the New York Post article, but the article did fail to mention very important aspects of the research process.

 

 

 

Works Cited

Islam, M. R., Kaurani, L., Berulava, T., Heilbronner, U., Budde, M., Centeno, T. P., Elerdashvili, V., Zafieriou, M.-P., Benito, E., Sertel, S. M., Goldberg, M., Senner, F., Kalman, J. L., Burkhardt, S., Oepen, A. S., Sakib, M. S., Kerimolgu, C., Wirths, O., Bickeböller, H., … Fischer, A. (2021, October 11). A microrna signature that correlates with cognition and is a target against cognitive decline. EMBO Molecular Medicine. Retrieved November 2, 2021, from https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/emmm.202013659.

Musto, J. (2021, October 14). New research suggests signs of dementia can be detected in blood. New York Post. Retrieved November 2, 2021, from https://nypost.com/2021/10/14/new-research-suggests-signs-of-dementia-can-be-detected-in-blood/.