Ammann, I., & Heckenroth, M. (2012). Innovations for Intergenerational Neighborhoods. Journal Of Intergenerational Relationships, 10(3), 228-245. doi:10.1080/15350770.2012.699837
Ammann and Heckenroth looked into the urban design features in areas in Germany that meet the aesthetic wants of differing generations. They analyzed specific urban designs that take precedence over one generation than the other and observed that some urban planning favorites the demographic in the majority. They also analyzed that cities will shift their current urban design to fit the needs of those who are moving in. As Wall Street’s demographics change rapidly we can expect a change in urban planning and design features to be more aesthetically appealing to the younger generation as more families move in.
Bell, C. (2013). East Harlem remembered: Oral histories of community and diversity. Jefferson, North Carolina : McFarland & Company,.
This book takes a collection of stories from people in East Harlem. It recounts experiences and changes from the twentieth century to today. The people talk about the gentrification of the area and how the culture changed. Some were happy with the changes and felt like it was becoming a nicer neighborhood. Others didn’t like the change because they felt like their culture was being pushed out. I chose this book because it does part of what we want to be able to do on our website – get the stories of the people that live and/or work there and see what they have to say about the change of the area. Although our area hasn’t gentrified, it does have changing demographics and the people of the area could have similar reactions to those in a gentrifying area.
Breaugh, James A., and Kathleen N. Frye. “Work-Family Conflict: The Importance of Family-Friendly Employment Practices and Family-Supportive Supervisors.” Journal of Business and Psychology 22.4 (2008): 345-53. Web.
This article takes a more psychological look at the issues being presented in the “familization” of the Financial District. By studying the effect of proximity of family on effectiveness of work, this article sheds some light on the possible thought process behind the families migrating into such a serious neighborhood. This article also looks at the effect of family-friendly businesses or places of employment that are much more lenient in their policies towards parents. These types of businesses are not currently popular in the Financial District, but with the continuing influx of people moving there, that may soon change which would also serve to alter the dynamic of the area.
Clews, H. (1887). Delusions About Wall Street. The North American Review, 145(371), 410-421.
In this journal article, Clews addresses the most common misconceptions regarding Wall Street and those who are employed there. He discusses rumors specifically regarding the “Wall Street Man’s” personal life. It is often assumed that those who work in the Financial District are inherently rich and inherently crooked. Clews states that neither of these are consistent truths. While Wall Street has its share of bad characters just like any other business area, maliciousness is not a trait shared amongst the majority of its inhabitants. These same assumptions could affect an outsider’s opinion of a Wall Street Man’s capacity to simultaneously be a family man. Clews disproves this as well, stating that nothing about Wall Street prohibits a man from pursuing other interests outside of his firm.
Diappi, L. (2013). Emergent phenomena in housing markets gentrification, housing search, polarization. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag.
This book focuses on the housing market and how it can shape a community. It is like other markets in that it morphs and grows according to what the demand looks like. However, the housing market is special because it can transform the socioeconomic construction of a city. The book goes into a lot of detail about the small changes in a neighborhood that lead to the gentrification. It looks at the search for housing, social polarization, and gentrification. It connects to our issue in the Financial District because it looks at how the small changes in a neighborhood can lead to a complete makeover of an area. One of our focuses on the issue in the Financial District is how the area’s “reputation” might change. With growing residences in the area, the makeup is bound to change. This concept is the foundation for Emergent Phenomena in Housing Markets.
Fraser, Steve. Wall Street: America’s Dream Palace. New Haven: Yale UP, 2008. Print.
This book from 2008 brings to light many of the preconceived notions people have of Wall Street. In fact, the opening line is, “Wall Street. No other place on earth is singularly identified with money and the power of money.” With our website focusing on how Wall Street is becoming more than an area of wealth and business, this book serves as a reminder that the changes we are seeing in Wall Street are relatively new. Fraser also states, “…Wall Street also evokes a radically different set of symbolic associations as the center of mad ambition. Fevers, manias, and frenzies race up and down its pavement like hysterics in a lunatic asylum.” These preconceived notions and stereotypical depictions of Wall Street allow us to open our eyes and acknowledge how different the area is truly becoming.
Gehl, Jan. The Residential Street Environment. London: Kogan Page, 1980. Print.
In her book, Gehl states, “…the division of street activities into seven categories has proved useful in obtaining an understanding of the character and subtleties of residential street-life.” Gehl claims that one can conclude that a residential street is lively if there is activity (this includes stationary outdoor activity, such as lounging, and physical outdoor activity, like gardening or chores), people strolling around the area, interaction among people, children playing, people riding on bicycles and people driving in cars. Interestingly, Wall Street exhibits all of these signs, especially now that there are more playgrounds and shopping areas within the area. This source shows that Wall Street truly is becoming a more residential area, and it is livelier than ever.
Greenhaus, J., & Beutell, N. (1985). Sources of Conflict Between Work and Family Roles. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 78-88.
This journal article examines the varying pressures put on working men and women both from their jobs and their family lives. Working a high pressure job where there are big expectations for the employees can be stressful enough without added stresses from a spouse and children. Both sides require massive time commitments and attention and juggling the two can result in a lapse in performance in one or both categories. This article goes on to mention that prestigious or well-known places of employment (like a place on Wall Street for example) could require even more from its employees which could compromise family life. This explains why previously, much of Wall Street had been career-focused men, living alone in neighboring cities. Reforms in employer/employee contracts have resulted in more leniency for parents and heads of households who are trying to maintain both a high-class job and a family. As a result, more prestigiously employed individuals are able to have happy home lives and work lives; Wall Street reflects this shift both in the residential demographics and the demographics of those employed in the area.
Kelly, S. (2014). Neoliberal urban policy and the transformation of the city: Reshaping Dublin (A. MacLaran, Ed.). Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan.
The majority of the book is on how neoliberalism drove the change in the area. I focused on a particular section of this book in which the author talks about the property-development boom in Dublin. I also looked at how the people reacted to the change. The property-development boom and residents’ reaction included similarities to what’s happening in the financial district. Both of these areas are experiencing a growth in residences and the consequential change of the neighborhood (catering more to residents). It was good to see how the people reacted in Dublin while trying to blend the old and new culture, and it provided a possible comparison to what could happen in the Financial District.
Nash, L. (2013). Middle-Class Castle: Constructing Gentrification at London’s Barbican Estate. Journal Of Urban History, 39(5), 909-932. doi:10.1177/0096144213479320
In this journal entry, Nash analyzed the financial district of London: the Barbarican Estate. This area is home to several residential areas of London and has seen the growth of several lucrative small businesses in its wake. This journal entry is very close to what is currently happening in the financial district of the US in that the area is now shifting towards more residential spaces as opposed to business spaces.
Talih, Makram, and Ronald D. Fricker. “Effects of Neighbourhood Demographic Shifts on Findings of Environmental Injustice: A New York City Case-study.” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 165.2 (2002): 375-97. JSTOR. Web. 19 Apr. 2015.
Makram and Fricker explore “how changes in neighborhood demographics affect findings of environmental equity.” Using New York City as a case study, the authors describe four theories of neighborhood change and discuss the neighborhood life-cycle model (the idea that “communities go through natural cycles of development, transition, aging, decay, and renewal.”). This can easily be related to what we are currently seeing in Wall Street; it is currently in a state of renewal. The source also discusses why neighborhoods change and what factors tend to attract residents or repel them into a neighborhood. The journal also includes an interesting study of how demographics within Queens and Brooklyn have changed between 1970 and 1990.
Ylimaki, R. M., Brunderman, L., Bennett, J. V., & Dugan, T. (2014). Developing Arizona Turnaround Leaders to Build High-Capacity Schools in the Midst of Accountability Pressures and Changing Demographics. Leadership & Policy In Schools, 13(1), 28-60. doi:10.1080/15700763.2014.884226
The authors of this journal entry delved into the changing demographics of Arizona and policies implemented within the area. There has been a notable increase in the amount of children in the state and as such the government has increased school aid and to increase school capacity to deal with a much more diverse student population. This journal entry draws parallels with what is currently happening in Wall Street. With the increase of more and more families in the area, the number of children has increased in the area. Therefore, we can expect to see an increase in schools around the area just like what happened with Arizona.
