13
Feb 14

The Ghost Map Chapters 5-8

As with the fist half of the book, I found the reading to be really interesting. Snow’s journey to convince the scientific and political world of his waterborne theory of cholera was frustrating, but eventually rewarding.  I thought it was interesting that the one who eventually convinced everyone was Whitehead, who originally opposed the theory. I wonder why it was not the scientific man, but the religious one, who knew the ins and outs of the community, who was able to popularize a theory that had been scoffed at so many times before. It shows us how closely linked the scientific and social scene are, and how societal relationships play a role in something like an epidemic. I liked that Johnson gave Whitehead the credit he deserved.

In the chapter when Johnson wrote about the reasons miasma was so popular, he mentioned an evolutionary reason, suggesting that our sense of smell has evolved so that we avoid unpleasant smells, since they signify microbes. The idea of humans mistaking the “smoke” (the bad smells) for the fire (what was actually dangerous– bacteria) was very intriguing, and is something I definitely need to think about a little more.


13
Feb 14

The Ghost Map: ch.5-8

In 1854, urban living was a relatively new concept with less than 10% of the world living in cities. To many it seemed like a horrible idea. Crowding so many people into such a small space seemed like a disaster just waiting to happen and it was, in a sense. When the cholera epidemic hit London, the close proximity of urban dwellers made it easy for the bacteria to multiply at such a rapid rate, resulting in the deaths of so many. However, the fact that it was so devastating and so concentrated in one area enabled Snow and Whitehead to follow its course and figure out the source of the problem.
Today, less than 200 years later, more than half of the world’s population prefers city living. It is obviously a successful concept. We have efficient sewage systems and plenty of health measures in place to protect against such devastating outbreaks. Advantages to living in the city include people being able to share ideas and easier dispersing of electricity, fuel, food and other necessary resources. Humans are creative and resilient creatures and whenever problems arise we find ways to deal with them. Living in cities means sharing many of the same problems and concerns, and we work together to solve them as quickly and efficiently as possible. Additionally, John Snow’s concept of a map that tracks people’s lifestyles is something we have adapted to the internet and is further beneficial in helping us share ideas and thoughts.

Renee Esses


13
Feb 14

Science and Opinion on a Map (chapter 5-8)

Society and the scientific community initially rejected Snow’s hypothesis, and even when the evidence turned out to support his ideas, psychological and historical biases delayed his theory from being accepted. This forced him to use a two-pronged approach; he used` data to convince the scientists and elaborate, innovative maps* to convince the committees and the general public (Johnson, 186). This to me is an example of the interconnected relationship between the opinions of society and the opinions of science. This is similar to the class discussion we had about societal bias affecting early hospital/clinic cases of HIV. The book also makes the claim that the visual mapping techniques used by Snow can create maps that are superior to a map that simply “shows you where streets intersect” (Johnson, 219-20). This implies that, through technological innovations, maps can evolve with different communities to reflect ‘insider-secrets’ of the neighborhood. When applied to science, a hyper-connected, updated, and information-filled society could lead to more rapid acceptance of new theories, or could lead to more subgroups and delay agreement even further.

Do you have any examples of times when bias has significantly affected the overall acceptance of solid scientific theories?

Do you think that quickly expanding technology that aims to connect people all over the world is beneficial or harmful in our society, or is there information saturation?

*You can look at a Voronoi Diagram here if you want.

 

-kathryn joy evans