Dark Matter Presenting A Possible Link To Black Holes
Based on the sheer size and intense mass of black holes, black holes occupy an incredible amount of space in the universe. In a similar fashion, the part of the universe that we do know, much of it is occupied by an incredible amount of dark matter. While there isn’t any known direct link, one can speculate a connection, and there happen to be some explanations proposed by many scientists that link the two.
Regular primordial black holes become candidates for heavy dark matter, based on their remnants and “gravitational vacuum solitons G-lumps” (Dymnikova & Khlopov, 2015). The also provide signatures for inhomogeneity of the early universe. Furthermore, primordial black holes have been considered as a reliable source for dark matter for more than two decades. These primordial black holes take rise from heavy unstable particles, and “are a very sensitive cosmological probe for physical phenomena occurring in the early universe” (Belotsky et al., 2014).
Another link between them that arises is the formation of density spikes from dark matter particles around primordial black holes, shortly if not immediately, after their formation where there is much radiation in this stage. Thus primordial dark holes are able to present themselves as dark matter if they formed in sufficiently large quantities, however, they can also instead act as “seeds for the formation of dark matter clumps” (Eroshenko, 2015).
Figure 1: Dark matter density around a primordial black hole (Eroshenko, 2015).
Another articles formally proposes a new dark matter particle candidate as the black hole atom, having an atom with the charged black hole as an atomic nucleus with electrons bound in internal quantum states. The article further this discussion by explaining how “the remnants of the evaporated black holes can be stable and also can serve as the dark matter candidates” (Dokushaev & Eroshenko, 2014). Further linkage can be seen by this article, which again shows a connection, and perhaps a basis of dark matter lying in black holes. The near critical density of compact bodies shows that most lines of sight are gravitationally microlensed. These compact bodies being stellar mass primordial black holes making up the dark matter component of the universe (Hawkins, 2011).
As one can see, there is much speculation surrounding this topic and there is no definite evidence that completely ties black holes to dark matter. There have been a few instances, such as with the spikes in density of dark matter particles around primordial black holes, but all of this information isn’t completely measured to the best degree, and most of it is purely theoretical.
Works Cited
Belotsky, K. M., et al. “Signatures Of Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter.” Modern Physics Letters A 29.37 (2014): 1440005-1-1440005-15.
Dokuchaev, V. I., and Yu. N. Eroshenko. “Black Hole Atom As A Dark Matter Particle Candidate.” Advances In High Energy Physics (2014): 1-5.
Dymnikova, Irina, and Maxim Khlopov. “Regular Black Hole Remnants And Graviatoms With De Sitter Interior As Heavy Dark Matter Candidates Probing Inhomogeneity Of Early Universe.” International Journal Of Modern Physics D: Gravitation, Astrophysics & Cosmology 24.13 (2015): -1.
Eroshenko, Yu. “Dark Matter Density Spikes Around Primordial Black Holes.” Astronomy Letters 42.6 (2016): 347-356.
Hawkins, M. R. S. “The Case For Primordial Black Holes As Dark Matter.” Monthly Notices Of The Royal Astronomical Society 415.3 (2011): 2744-2757.
