“Alias Man Ray: The Art of Reinvention”

This afternoon, in the spirit of Chanukah, I journeyed to the Jewish Museum on the corner of 92nd street and 5th avenue. Although the museum generally charges a $12 admission fee (unless you are a Macaulay student), it is free for all visitors on Saturdays.

The first floor was dedicated to a Man Ray exhibit and, consequentially, I never got to the other floors. Man Ray, born Emmanuel Radnitzky, was an artist in every sense of the word. He painted, sculpted, wrote, photographed, and filmed. The exhibit included a filmed, biographical interview with Ray. “I’m a free man,” he said, referring to his ability to make whichever type of art he wanted to make whenever he felt like making it. The film was displayed last, and so I saw it after I viewed his wide variety of work. It was a touching conclusion. The other pieces included Obstruction, a dangling network of wooden coat hangers, as well as various self-portraits. Obstruction stood out because it was the only piece that was suspended from the ceiling. It cast an intricate shadow upon the white wall behind it. In fact, many of Ray’s pieces emphasized the beauty of shadows.

Perhaps Ray was symbolizing his shadowed roots; he changed his name and hid his Russian-Jewish identity throughout most of his life.  Although Ray was forced to flee from Paris during World War II, he avoided his roots and attempted to remain anonymous. At some point during his persecution, Ray began to confront his past and to symbolically work with primary colors. He painted the famous La fortune, which is now permanently displayed on the fourth floor of the Whitney Museum.

The exhibit seemed to be organized chronologically. Ray’s different “eras,” and therefore his different approaches to his background, were assembled in their own rooms. My favorite room included what I believe was work from a humorous era; he airbrushed paintings to make them look like photographs and exposed objects on light-sensitive paper to create cameraless ‘rayographs.’” *

“Alias Man Ray: The Art of Reinvention” is a fascinating exhibit, but one that requires time and attention. I recommend it to painters, photographers, scuplters, and filmmakers alike, since all of those art forms are present. Just don’t expect to have time to look at the rest of the museum!

* Source of quote: http://www.thejewishmuseum.org/exhibitions/manray

Art + Science = ♥

Why do so many universities create “Arts and Sciences” programs? Why does a biology major graduate with a “Bachelor of the Arts” degree? Why are these two seemingly opposite fields squished together so often?

Scholars in every field have the same goal; they strive to understand how the world works. A microbiologist does this broadly; he studies earth’s diversity. An artist does it on a smaller scale; he studies how his environment affects his perceptions and emotions. The large, concretely calculated, and often-observable models of science cannot serve humanity without the structural support of art. Conversely, the products of less-calculated creativity cannot serve humanity without the larger plans of science. The two go hand in hand.

Yes, we can measure emotions; we can analyze the readings of an EEG. Yes, it is sometimes difficult to explain a mathematical theorem because, when applied to a physical situation, it can produce unexpected results. This, however, is the point. Using both art and science produces a much more complete picture of our world than using either art or science alone.

I entered this class believing that art is a poor use of resources, but that it is acceptable because it gives work to those who are uninterested in the sciences. I could not have been more wrong. This semester’s exposure has shown me that free minds, minds that are not restricted by rules, models, and data, are infinitely valuable. I still believe that the creativity that goes into science is extremely undervalued, but I now understand that art’s purpose is undervalued as well. Art is often planned and calculated, while science is often spontaneous. A simple spectrum, such as the one in the “who gets to call it art” movie, takes hours of experimentation.

So, alright, I’ll ask it:

Why not?

Beauty and Biology

All animals, including humans, seek symmetry and proportion in a mate. These qualities indicate a minimal number of genetic defects, and therefore a more “fit” genome. The more “fit” the genome, the better the quality of the eggs or sperm that the mate is able to offer. Symmetry, proportion, thick, shiny hair, long fingernails and eyelashes, and the ability to grow facial hair are cross-cultural indicators of good health. Humans naturally apply these factors of attraction to all objects, including works of art. Our intrinsic desire to produce offspring “fit” enough to propagate the human race lures us toward symmetry, proportion, and even shininess. These basic qualities therefore determine “beauty” and are a necessary component of art.

Juilliard Jazz!

Like most of our class, I experienced my first jazz performance this semester. The Music of Count Basie, performed by the Juilliard Jazz Orchestra on October 7th, was a startling introduction. Everything about the performance was lively; the music was loud, well-tuned, and heartfelt, the performers were smiling, and the conductor had full control of the orchestra.

The communal support on the stage was striking; every time a soloist played well, the rest of the performers smiled proudly. Some of the rear-most instrumentalists used colorful hats while they played, giving the performance a well-choreographed and cheerful feeling. The conductor, Brandon Lee, is the youngest member of the Julliard Jazz faculty, and yet he controlled the concert like a god. He was courteous to Frank West, clear to the audience, and personally connected to each student. The songs were pleasant, although I’m not sure how their order was chosen. Tickle Toe and Splanky made me giggle!

West’s multi-instrumental solos were inspiring; his music seemed to emerge from long-ago concerts, and he seemed to be putting all of his experience into one performance. The drummer was excellent, and I wish that the stage-setup had actually allowed me to see him while he played.

The only thing I disliked about the concert was the audience. Even I, an extremely inexperienced listener, know that it’s rude to clap during a concert. The constant applause was irritating. It masked a good deal of the music, and it prevented me from becoming immersed by the performance. However, I still managed to leave the concert with a new appreciation of jazz. Any orchestra that I’ll listen to in the future will have to work hard to compete with the talent I heard on the 7th.

Truth ≠ Theory

1) When viewing a work of art, or listening to one, can we see the truth?  Can we feel it?

When viewing or listening to a work of art, we cannot see the truth. We can only see our interpretation of the artist’s interpretation. By the time we comprehend what we are viewing, the truth could not be further away. Truth is fact. It is proven and widely accepted. Everything else is theory, and theory can perhaps be viewed through art.

2. Medieval artists resorted to geometry to express a spiritual truth, and Baroque composers built their cannon on a mathematical symmetry.  Do these methods limit our definitions of truth and therefore of beauty?

Creating art that is based on concrete, mathematical observations is the best way to convey truth. In order to be universal, truth and beauty need to express things that everyone can see, and mathematics is almost able to force art away from “intrinsic” observations. Math-loving artists deserve respect for their courage; they try to show what is actually there, so that more of their audience is able to relate to something concrete. This is a significantly more difficult task than the task of creating something abstract or unrealistic.

Language vs. Communication

Language is communication through symbols that are arranged according to systematic rules. By this definition alone, dance is a language. However, all types of language are used for both “inter” and “intra” communication. Members of the same species use language not only to pass along information, but to think in solitude. If a dancer is able to think in Dance as we think in English, as the French think in French, and as the deaf think in Sign, then that dancer has turned Dance into his language. The classification of dance therefore depends on each individual dancer; if the art is intrinsic enough to him, it is his language. If not, then it is merely a form of communication, such as the chemical communication between deer or the electrical communication between eels.

If you want to fall for dance, go to “Fall for Dance”

My first encounter with the annual Fall for Dance festival was surprisingly pleasurable, to say the least. The performance was put together by twenty dance companies and consisted of four performing groups.

The first piece was an Australian ballet called “Le Spectre de la rose.” Initially performed in 1911, the piece depicted a girl dancing with a “spirit of the rose” in her dream. The costumes demanded more of my attention than the movements; the girl was wearing a gorgeous, poufy dress and the male spirit was wearing a tight, rose-like outfit. Although the girl’s dress was pretty, it hid much of her feet and consequently made her look as if she was barely dancing. The spirit’s wide leaps and turns complimented his bright clothes. Collectively, the couple managed to reveal the story line; the girl was in a flowing, dream-like state and the spirit took charge of her dream.

The second dance, called “Snow,” premiered in Taiwan during 2007. During Sang Jijia’s performance, I discovered that the curators of the festival had not bothered to make sure that the entire stage was visible from all parts of the auditorium. I was sitting on the far right, and I was therefore only able to view half of the performance. Occasionally, I was able to see parts of Jijia’s flailing arms and legs, but not his entire body. The half that I managed to glimpse was barely impressive; although powerful at first, both the falling and the background music grew repetitious and mundane.

As much as I disliked “Snow,” “The Dying Swan” made up for it twenty times over. Originally danced in St. Petersburg in 1907, this Russian ballet planted a new, deep respect for classical dance inside of me. Firstly, there were actual musicians on stage with Diana Vishneva, the ballerina.  These musicians played beautifully, complimenting the dancer’s movements with their expressions. Vishneva wore a gorgeous dress, which, unlike the dress in “Le Spectre de la Rose,” actually showed off her feet. She stayed on her toes for the entire performance, creating tiny and truly swan-like movements.

Alvin Ailey, the main performing group, rounded off the festival with an unforgettable line-up. Originally performed in NYC during 1960, “Revelations” was split into three sections: “Pilgrim of Sorrow,” “Take Me To The Water,” and “Move, Members, Move”. The last section was best engraved into my memory; the women wore cheerful, old-fashioned, yellow dresses and the men wore old-fashioned suits. The women used chairs as an aid throughout the performance, which added symmetry to their already dazzling, organized appearance. Together, they clapped, waved, and spun with unheard-of vigor. If that wasn’t enough, they tricked their audience at the end of their performance, repeating their last song. They made the crowd part of their show and, consequently, received a much-deserved standing ovation.

The four performing groups were drastically different, and I enjoyed the chance to view such variety in a short amount of time. The sequence of performances was well planned, and, aside from the technical carelessness displayed during “Snow,” it was a fabulous introduction to dance. I strongly recommend the festival to my fellow dance novices.

Post-modernism

pipe

~Translation: “This is not a pipe.”

~By Rene Magritte (1898 – 1967).

~From <http://www.allposters.com/gallery.asp?aid=871383801&apnum=389174&LinkTypeID=1&PosterTypeID=1&DestType=7&Referrer%20=http://www.onpostmodernism.com/art/default.aspx>.

Postmodern art, which is synonymous with “contemporary” art, was born in the mid-1970s. It stole several properties from “modern” art, but quickly became distinct enough to require a new name (even two). Like modern art, contemporary art initially focused on how something was presented rather than what was presented.

Postmodernism became unique when it went on to ridicule modern art’s realism. Artists grew tired of “high” and “low” forms of art. They did not want to express themselves directly and concretely; instead, they focused on discontinuity and fragmentation. Duchamp, Kruger, Lichtenstein, Magritte, Rosenquis, and Warhol have, above all, incorporated irony, humor, and parody into their work [Art History, 2006]. They have addressed topics including “feminism, multiculturalism, globalization, bioengineering and AIDS awareness,” and they have used various industrial materials, as well as pop, to create collage-like images [Esaak, 2009]. This type of art is difficult to critique in the usual sense, which is why postmodernists have been called “rebels” against the artistic elite. They have blurred the separation between art, media, and pop. Movements associated with postmodern art include futurism (speed, technology, and violence), Dada (nihilistic “anti-art”), surrealism, and pop art [Overview, 2008].

Works Cited

1) Esaak, Shelley. “What is Contemporary Art?”. 2009. About.com.
<http://arthistory.about.com/od/current_contemporary_art/f/what_is.htm>

2) “Overview of Postmodern Art”. 2008. On Postmodernism.
<http://www.onpostmodernism.com/art/default.aspx>

3) “Art History: Postmodernism: (1975-)”. 2006. World Wide Art Resources.
<http://wwar.com/masters/movements/postmodernism.html>