This passage was interesting in its approach, giving readers a new perspective to the shaping of American history from the colonial era to the present day. This chapter mentioned cornerstones of U.S. history such as the market crash of 1929 and the migration of many African Americans to the North in search for better job opportunities. Unlike when these ideas were taught in history classes, this reading focuses solely on how cities and urban life was affected.
The growth and expansion during this time seemed to be completely motivated by competition between cities. Macionis. J. and Parrillo, V. (2003) state that, “Philadelphia attempted to keep pace, opening both canal and turnpike routes west… Not to be outdone, New York opened the Erie Canal in 1825… Undaunted Baltimore began another round in this interurban rivalry by opening a railroad line to Ohio in 1828. Others cities followed suit.” The cities emerging quickly shifted from a tight-knit community to one where each city had its own identity and become independent of others. This sense of pride and competition is mirrored in their European counterparts. Many believe the reason Europeans were successful was because of their geography, which forced them into small, independent peoples in constant competition between themselves. It is interesting to see how individuals came to America to be independent of Europe and their ways but implement many of the same practices and habits. For example, some thought of the States as a place with more “space” and an escape from urbanization. However, the new cities inevitably became just as urbanized.
An underlying theme present in this chapter is that history seems to repeat itself. For example, just as urbanization was built around the routes of railroads, the extension of subways in New York City also facilitates economic and population growth. Also, during the late 1800s many relied on the city government to fix the numerous problems they were facing with the incoming millions to house and find jobs for. However, city officials became corrupt with bribes and dictatorial political figures began to take control of the city governments. The citizens were outraged and pushed for reform. This could be compared to the current problem in New York City where those in power are not the ones who are suffering. The growing difference between the rich and poor in the city that began decades ago can lead to a decline of a working city yet again.
Discussion Question: How is it possible to effectively decrease the growing difference between the rich and the poor? Is it possible to have a city with such a large population and fewer jobs available to ever be successful?
