Introduction

New York City

If you ask a New Yorker or even a tourist what’s the first thing they think about when they hear New York, don’t be surprised to hear Times Square. Arguably the most iconic of locations in New York, Times Square is referred to as “The Crossroads of the World” and the “heart of the world”.  Times Square is just one of the commercial zones that make up Midtown Manhattan, a must-see location for any tourist and the New York City hub. But what makes Midtown Manhattan so appealing? What makes thousands of tourists and New Yorkers still visit it outside of work purposes? The answer may lie in Midtown’s inherent commercialism reflected all around. With a mere step into Midtown Manhattan, especially in Times Square, you are bombarded with advertisements for various products, services, and all sorts of experiences. Look up and you see screens half the size of the buildings calling you to watch the newest episode of a show or to see the latest movie. Look right in front of you and you might bump into someone handing out flyers to get on tour buses to get a closer look at all this commercialism. Simply standing where you are is enough, as commercialism will eventually grab and direct your attention to something. Whether commercialism is good or bad is a completely different matter, but one can’t deny that it is an integral part of Times Square and Midtown Manhattan.

The aim of this project is to explore commercialism in Midtown Manhattan, with certain locations being obvious hotspots, such as Times Square. This will be done through a historical investigation as well a collection of photos reflecting commercialism in Midtown and interviews with certain individuals concerning such commercialism.

Commercialism in Pictures

A taxi cab advertising a popular Broadway show on Times Square.
A series of advertisements, ranging from Broadway shows to stores to sports events (a Yankees-Red Sox game in this particular image).
Dual advertisements for the Hamilton Broadway musical and the religion of Scientology.
Advertisements for more Broadway plays, as well as advertisements for a shrimp restaurant and a phone company.
Taken seconds after the previous image, this photo shows the advertisements that rotate based on an allotted time frame.
An advertisement for a magic show directly next to another advertisement for the new Diet Coke drink.
A massive advertisement for The Avengers: Infinity War. This photo was taken a week after the release of Infinity War.
A series of advertisements for a museum, the Disney store, and several Broadway plays.
A wall on Broadway dedicated to current productions.
The main advertisement for Harry Potter and the Cursed Child, which hangs above the entrance to the theatre.
A massive advertisement for the movie Rampage that hangs above a popular Subway stop.
The current display above the Disney store that is guaranteed to catch your attention.

Broadway Commercialism

 

Musical theater is a staple of Broadway and the corporate transition of Times Square naturally had an impact on this industry. As Disney took over the New Amsterdam and Minskoff Theaters, it introduced musicals based off its properties that became highly profitable. Shows like Les Miserable and The Phantom of the Opera proved in the 1980’s how much money musicals could make; straight new plays rarely make it to Broadway anymore without a famous actor or playwright attached.

The shiny lights of the marquis tend to draw quite an audience, especially from tourists, who made up 70% of ticket purchases by May 2015. Costumed employees peddle coupons for Chicago and Waitress tickets on the street. Broadway has two shops dedicated to theater: One Shubert Alley, a small merchandise shop which opened in the Shubert Alley in the 1970’s, and Theatre Circle, a larger old-fashioned shop which opened in the 1990’s. These shops carry the same merchandise as in the theaters’ individual shops at the same price.

Specific shows tend to become big hits on Broadway. According to a 2016 CNN study, only about 25% of Broadway shows are profitable, but the profitable shows make a huge profit. Shows like Wicked, The Lion King, and Chicago have brought people to Broadway for years just to see them. Wicked reached $1 billion total profit on Broadway in just 12 years. The prices for these tickets can get very high, particularly when the show has a limited run with a popular actress; when diva Bette Midler first starred in the 2017 revival of Hello Dolly!, ticket reseller prices went as high as $1,450. 

One recent but highly prominent hit is the historical hip-hop opera Hamilton, stationed at the Richard Rodgers Theater on W 46th St. Hamilton’s novelty and appeal to the millennial audience made it a cultural phenomenon, and it made nearly $2 million a week in ticket sales in 2016. Short performances outside the theater before ticket lotteries had to cease because the crowds got so large, they became a traffic hazard. An official online lottery also had to shut down due to massive site traffic crashing the site constantly. There’s even a whole shop dedicated to Hamilton merchandise on W 46th (the shop previously hosted a seasonal Tony Awards themed store). Second party sellers often take advantage of the popularity by hiking up Broadway ticket prices. Orchestra seats for the show are around $500 on Ticketmaster, and StubHub resale prices in 2016 were about $872, which is about $700 higher than the average ticket price. 

Because standard ticket prices are typically in the triple digits, all sorts of services have been developed to sell tickets at cheaper prices, such as the online TodayTix service or TKTS, which has its flagship location in Times Square, boasting tickets up to 50% off. The latter service comes from the Theatre Development Fund, a nonprofit organization to promote performing arts. Many shows also offer lotteries both online and in-person, which give customers a chance at tickets typically around $40. There’s also “RUSH tickets” where you arrive early in the morning for tickets around $25-$45, before they run out. These services help people who want to experience the majesty of Broadway, but are put off by rising ticket prices.

 

A Map of Iconic Locations in Times Square

 
The Yahoo Building
A major hub for Yahoo workers, the Yahoo building is a key piece of the company's empire.
Directions
Ripley's Believe It or Not!
A museum of the magnificent, Ripley's is a great place to see extraordinary sights that the mind can barely comprehend.
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Guy's American Kitchen & Bar
A permanently closed restaurant owned by the famous chef, Guy Fieri. Although closed for months, it still represents the commercialism of Times Square.
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57th Street Station
A prominent train station that gives New Yorkers access to several different trains that all allow access to Times Square and Carnegie Hall.
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The NFL Experience
An exhibit that any football fan can enjoy, the NFL Experience offers a 4D look into the life on an NFL player.
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Palace Theatre
Currently the home to Spongebob Squarepants: The Musical, Palace Theatre has hosted a large amount of successful musicals throughout its 104 years of existance.
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The Disney Store
If you are a parent, a guardian, or if you simply have kids that you love to spoil, take them by the Time Square Disney Store, and they will have the time of their lives.
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M&M's World
Inside this iconic M&M's store, a giant wall of chocolate stretches nearly two stories high. The smell of this place can strike half a block away at times.
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Richard Rodgers Theatre
The current theatre that houses the hit Broadway musical: Hamilton. While it has housed other productions in the past, Hamilton is the most significant play to ever originate from this theatre.
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The Hershey's Store
The Hershey's Store is home to a large collection of chocolate delicacies that people of any age can enjoy.
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The Iconic Times Square
The iconic location that has been seen by anyone with any modicum of internet access, or access to any travel booklet.
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Applebees
This Applebees restaurant features prominently in the hit middle-grade novel, Better Nate Than Ever.
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Lyric Theatre
This theatre is the current host of the New York City production of the hit Harry Potter play: A Cursed Child.
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The locations on this map were chosen, because they are either iconic locations or great destinations for any native New Yorkers or tourist. We visited each of these locations and decided that they would be interesting and valuable experiences for visitors. One of us also asked New Yorkers which locations they would most like to visit in Times Square, and elected to visit and mark those areas.