The Arrival of South Asians into Queens

South Asians are part of the New Wave of immigrants; Queens in particular has seen many of these new immigrants arriving and creating a new home for themselves here. Yet, unlike many of the immigrants that have been arriving in the past few decades, these South Asians-Indians in particular- are highly educated individuals, have obtained secondary school education and even college education for some. This is not such the case for other immigrants; many of the Latinos and Asians that have been immigrating to the U.S. are not highly educated.

These new immigrants have, like others before them, made their presence known. Jack Nicholson, a resident of Jackson Heights, discussed his experience living in Jackson Heights, before and after the waves of immigrants decided to make that neighborhood their home. Jackson Heights, like Flushing, like Corona, was originally a rural neighborhood that was part of a growing metropolis. Jackson Heights was built and created as a home for the whites that were fleeing Manhattan; this was made crystal clear when in Maly’s article, Nicholson recalls that it specifically did not allow any blacks, Jews nor Catholics. This highlights the fact that that area was intended to be a sort of haven for the white Anglo-Saxon Protestants that were still in the city.

Yet, fast forward to the recent decades, there is a diversity in Jackson Heights. To clarify, the Heights draws many immigrants not only because there are already established ethnic communities there, but also because of its convenience. The 7 train easily goes through this neighborhood, which is great for immigrants working blue-collar jobs and have to work longer than the traditional 9-5 PM work day. Ironically, this is what was used to appeal to the original white residents as well. Jackson Heights now has white residents, Latino residents, Chinese, Koreans, South Asians, you name it. Much like Queens, Jackson Heights has come to represent (what Nicholson stressed) would be the world in a few years.

The arrival of South Asians-Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, etc- means that there are new concerns that must be addressed. Nicholson recalls that property values in Jackson Heights dropped dramatically. His home, valued at $90,000, dropped to a value of $35,000. In Chhaya’s article, research found that many immigrants are concerned with jobs, cost of housing, and as one resident put it, “the overcrowding in schools.” (10) In addition, the research and numbers show that while many of the South Asian immigrants have gone to college, the jobs that they are getting are not much better than the ones that uneducated immigrants get. About 80% of the survey’s participants made less than $40,000 but 47% of the participants in general went to university. How is this possible, considering that in Joe Salvo’s presentation and research, we learned that Latino immigrants, most of whom have not gone to college, are earning around $30,000-$35,000?   In fact, many of the South Asian immigrants are taking low-end jobs, such as taxi drivers, laundry cleaners, etc. This disparity, however, should not be easily dismissed.

My American Girls Reponse

My American Girls is about Ortiz’s family and the challenges they face as immigrants. Not having proper education, Mrs. Ortiz has to raise her three daughters with a couple of low paying jobs. She wants her daughters to work hard so that they don’t have to suffer like her. Although there are lots of complications and hardships, the Ortiz’s house is full of visitors and neighbors. These Dominicans are brought together because they face similar challenges. Because they understand each other, the neighbors have special relationships with each other.

The community and Ortiz family impact Mrs. Ortiz’s girls who were born in America. While Monica, the oldest sister, is the one with the least ties to her native heritage and she is the one who has the balance between her Dominican side and her American side. She gives up her dream of acting to make her parents proud and instead pursues a more stable job. The family’s expectation has shaped her educational and career path.

Aida, the second oldest sibling, represents a young teenage girl who seeks attention and independence. She begins working at McDonalds to help her parents, but in the end, it affects her grades negatively and gets fired for being late to work. She thinks she is grown up, but the reality shows that she still needs perseverance and patience. Finally, Mayra, the youngest out of the three sisters, is an example of an immigrant who is still tied to her homeland. She struggles in academics and hangs out with her neighborhood Dominican friends. Out of three sisters, she is the one who is most badly caught in between two different cultures. She wants to live a Dominican life, but the environment won’t let her

My American Girls Reaction

The documentary, My American Girls: A Dominican Story, sheds light onto the living situation of many immigrant families and first-generation Americans, particularly Latinos. This extended family spans the four floors of their home: struggling through school and low-wage jobs during the week, and celebrating the weekends as they dance and sing in Spanish in the backyard. In this sense, the Ortiz family was almost a community unto itself.

However, each of the three daughters, or “American girls,” reacted to this community differently. The eldest, Monica, almost completely rejects her Dominican roots, abandoning much of the culture and tradition to be “Americanized” in the most traditional sense (attending an Ivy League university, having a white boyfriend, living in Manhattan away from family, etc.). This is a stark contrast to her younger sisters. Mayra, the youngest, embraces Latino culture, but in a less traditional sense. A self-proclaimed “ghetto” kid, she identifies with other Latino children, and perhaps even Latino stereotypes, and is very limited in a geographical sense (only hanging out with “kids from the block,” so to speak). Aida, the middle child, is almost a melding of the two, having her own “American” ambitions while still trying to keep ties with her Dominican culture and family.

Monica represents the epitome of the “American dream:” coming from nothing, validating the sacrifies her parents made, finding her place in the big city. Mayra, however, represents another faces of “Americanness:” the notion that we are a country of immigrants. In self-identifying, she exemplifies this American tradition of “being from somewhere” and having a sense of culture. Personally, I see the most commonality between Aida and myself. Being a child of immigrants, albeit of different socioeconomic situations, I can understand Aida’s stance on trying to keep ties to your heritage while forging your own path, so to speak. All of these “American identities” stem from being first-generation Americans; these girls have the autonomy to create their own personas, regardless of who their parents are or where they come from. The variability comes from how much they want to maintain ties to their ethnic backgrounds and how far they are willing to go.

Deepening Roots and Creating Space

The Chhaya CDC report entitled “Deepening Roots and Creating Space: Building a Better Future for New York’s South Asians” clearly outlined the problems today’s South Asian immigrants face and make suggestions in how to solve these problems. Although I found this list of recommendations to be a bit lofty in the sense that all of these initiatives require substantial funding, the report explicitly explains the issues that plague this ethnic group.

The two most notable matters of struggle explained were employment and housing, two intertwining facets of a person’s life, regardless of whether or not they are an immigrant. However, how these things are affected differ for South Asians. A staggering statistic claims that nearly 50% of South Asian immigrants have a college degree, while only 8% work technical jobs. This discrepancy is concerning to say the least. Un- and underemployment are issues plaguing the nation as a whole, but for a person having the education and abilities of an accountant to be working as a cab driver is unacceptable. This raises the question of why this is occurring, and according to the report, much of it stems from English language proficiency, or a lack thereof. Therefore, it’s integral for ESOL classes to be implemented in these communities if there is any chance of ameliorating this employment predicament.

Naturally, if one is un- or underemployed, making ends meet can be tough. In explaining the housing situation, the report shows how an overwhelming majority of South Asians are renters. In being renters, they face a whole other set of problems, in particular, paying rent and having a lease. The first is fairly self-explanatory; what is notable is that half of these renters do not have leases, putting them in a precarious situation in terms of keeping their homes. On the other hand, homeowners, especially new ones are at high risk of being victims of a subprime mortgage, considering more than half of them weren’t asked to show proof of income when applying for the mortgage. These issues could be linked back to the language barrier since a) these South Asians may not understand the lease process or the validity of a mortgage, and b) their lack of knowledge in English puts them at lower wage jobs and therefore lower income housing.

Finally, it was also interesting to see that the number one reason for moving into a neighborhood was maintaining a sense of community, linking back to the concept of these immigrant enclaves. One participant is even quoted as feeling out of place in a community that is majority Chinese and Hispanic. There were also links to the Jerry Vattamala talk, especially in regards to the underrepresentation of South Asians and the un-acknowledgement of Indo-Caribbeans in the US Census. Personally, I think the report does a good job of explaining and enlightening the issues of South Asians, but there are still leaps to be made before the initiatives recommended can really be mobilized.

My American Girls

My American Girls is a documentary surrounding the Ortiz family, first generation immigrants, who is hardworking, dedicated, and striving for success and pursuing the American dream. This movie documents the challenges they face in difficulties they face. However, it also shows how their surroundings, the community, plays an important factor in becoming who they are, especially their daughters. From being born in America, they are caught between parent’s values and their own. This is where the film shows the contrasts of being American but still living up to the immigrant values of their parents.

Being born in America, there are many things that distinguish you from your parents and the things you believe in. This is also the example for the Ortiz daughters. As they look on a different path to becoming something in life, there are many complications in reaching that successful platform. Having immigrant parents, it is very difficult for them to receive the proper education they need. Most of the complications that front the Ortiz daughters are social complications. Whether it is education and studying or hanging out with friends, they first set forward to know people and to “socialize” more with others rather than study. My mom, being a math teacher, has had a great amount of experience with connecting to kids who are new to the country and have first-year immigrants in the US. It is a difficult task for not just the parents but for their kids to adapt and to set themselves in the right direction. That is where the community needs to play a vital role.

On the other hand, it is maintaining the values of their family. Living in a community of Puerto Ricans/Dominicans, there is a sense of comfortability among the Ortiz daughters. Having the sense of religious unity is key that at least they have someone/something with them. Other than that, they don’t have much. They are left to explore their community and expand their knowledge. Through that, each of the daughters become different and develops their own characteristics. The community plays a vital role in shaping each of the daughters and motivates them to work hard but also to explore what is out there and see what they can do with that is out there.

My American Girls: A Dominican Story

In My American Girls, we see an up close account of what life is like for the Ortiz family, a Dominican family that now lives in Sunset Park, Brooklyn. The Ortiz home is overrun with family members and friends who are constantly coming and going. In the street, all of the kids on the block come out to play with each other. There is a strong sense of community that exists between the Dominicans of this neighborhood that extends beyond direct familial relationships. The entire community, especially those who weren’t born here, is struggling to find work, to make a living, to get an education, and to learn English. This community, which exists separately from other communities in Sunset Park (such as the Asian community), has both its advantages and disadvantages for the Ortiz family.

Coming together as a community creates a huge sense of comfort for the Ortiz family, especially for the elders. They help each other to learn about life in the U.S., to immigrate here, and to find work here. In the film, for example, we see the mother teaching an English phrase to one of her many family members. Learning from family is probably less intimidating than learning from strangers. Once they get adjusted to life here, they’re able to send money back to their poor families at home in the D.R. Besides for these practical reasons, they also get to hold on to memories of home by constantly sharing them with each other. They strongly hold onto their culture and their traditions while they are living here. This perhaps relieves the scary fact that they are living in a completely alien land.

While the benefits of living in a close knit Dominican community are real, there are also setbacks, especially those that affect the Ortiz daughters. We constantly see the middle daughter struggling with school, and one of the reasons is because neither of her parents can help her with her work. Generally, the large amount of family members and friends that are constantly around makes for a huge distraction. The younger daughters would rather socialize within their community than study. They’ve even complained several times that they’d rather move back to the D.R. and stay there. This was the opposite for the oldest daughter, who worked extremely hard to study and do well in school. She graduated from a prestigious university, but she still finds herself being held back in some ways by the demands of her family and the community. There is a feeling that she could be more successful of she could severe her ties with her family and her community. For the daughters especially, we see the members of this community stuck in an awkward place that is somewhere between belonging to the U.S. and belonging to the D.R. As long as they are in limbo like this, they can never go very far in either direction.

South Asians and The Barrier War

Chhaya CDC Report of 2012 has me absolutely appalled at the conditions of the South Asian community in New York City. What stood out the most was the fact that almost 47 percent of the South Asians surveyed held college degrees, but only 8 percent work in professional or technical jobs. That I felt was the main focal point of this reading. The language barrier was one of many big challenges faced by this demographic group. These language barriers are the main cause of the job and home issues this group faces. The issues faced at homes, is faced primarily by families renting houses or apartments who are faced with different issues that other renters do not ordinarily face. Most of them are paid in cash, therefore they must pay their rent in cash without any proof of ever having paid their rent to the homeowners. In addition, these South Asian immigrants primarily do not speak English, therefore they are not known of their rights as a renter and are often unaware of when they’re living in a rent control apartment. And since they pay rent in cash, there is no way of proving that they are being cheated out of their money.

Opportunity barriers are another prime issue facing this group South Asians. In one of the surveys done, it was noted that a young Bangladeshi male who has a master’s degree in accounting but currently works as a Taxi driver. Because of their different language, it is difficult for South Asians to gain work in their field of expertise. Immediate action should be taken to allow for this group of people to be accommodated for their differences in language. After all, 80 percent of the surveyed people were either US citizens or permanent residents. The South Asian community has had the largest percentage increase in population in New York City, 159 percent increase. There days are soon to come, because they’ll be around for many more years to come.

Becoming American, Being Indian

In Khandelwal’s article “Becoming American, Being Indian,” various aspects of the lives of Indians are depicted. Some themes include the spatial landscape of South Asian New York, the locations of the concentrations of these people, the range of religions practiced by Indian immigrants, and the change of Indian immigrants from a “professional middle-class population” to one of “diverse occupations.” With the recent migration, trajectories show a shift of these people from Manhattan to New York’s outer boroughs and suburbs. That being said, along with the growing numbers of new immigrants, streets are becoming more overcrowded and there is an accompanying frequent turnover in local businesses. Despite the drop in the number of Indians living in Manhattan, the sheer number of Indians who work in and around NYC has increased, with medical students, businessmen, cab drivers, and newsstand workers looking to the city and its surrounding environs as an opportunity for greater financial success. As evidence, anywhere you go in the city, you can expect to see South Asians employed as cabdrivers or as newsstand workers. These jobs are those that are readily available to them, since they are either uneducated or have little money to tide them over until they find better employment. Simply put, they need the money now. I can attest to this harsh reality, having an uncle who drives a taxi. The “taxi community” consists of many Indian people who know each other and establish the connections that allow other newcomers to join this service industry to make ready money. Even though the salary may not be sufficient, driving a cab still enables these new and/or uneducated South Asians to earn a living and make some money to support their families. Those who are ambitious certainly have the opportunity to work overtime. Khandelwal continues to go on in greater detail about the importance of the “taxi community” to Indian immigrants and to elaborate as to how this recent influx of Indian immigrants has changed the community as a whole.

Mrs. Ortiz’s “American” Girls

The film, My American Girls, accurately depicts the lifestyle of immigrant parents as they struggle to “make it” in America. It was hard not to notice the obvious gap between Mrs. Ortiz and her “American” girls. Monica, Mrs. Ortiz’s oldest daughter, is probably the most “American” out of all of her siblings. Although she can communicate well with her parents and is accustomed to the Dominican culture, Monica states that she never really hung out with the Dominican “crowd”. When she was at home, she only focused on her schoolwork and rarely interacted with other Dominican kids of her age. After spending most of her school years in a private school, she attended Columbia University and once again, she became surrounded by completely different individuals. It is interesting that although Monica’s family is not very wealthy, they were still able to afford Monica’s private school education. Also, Monica, like many other first generation immigrants kids, aspires to achieve that “American dream”. Out of everyone in her family, she is the only one who seems to have a better chance of “making it”. In my opinion, Monica manages to strike a perfect balance between her “American” life and her “Dominican” by still maintaining her relationship with her “white” boyfriend, her job, and the close connections with her very much Dominican family. Just like how Mrs. Ortiz struggles to provide for her family, Monica too is struggling so that in the future, she can support her parents.

Aida, who considers herself to be a “typical” middle child, may not be as “American” as her older sister. But she still demonstrates her desire to work and earn some money so that she can  pay for her expenses. This sense of responsibility and independence that she possesses distinguishes her from other Dominican kids of her age. She knows she has to focus on her studies (even though she is used to failing math) and the SAT so that she too can go to college like Monica. In the movie, Aida tells the audience that although she doesn’t show it, she is very proud of her mother’s accomplishments in America. She quits her job and has unnecessary demands for materialistic things but it is important to note that as a 16 year old, this is to be expected. But overall, she seems mature for her age and is highly aware of the importance of achieving her goals.

Mayra, who is fourteen years old, considers herself to be the “ghetto” kid. Since she is the youngest, we can expect her to be a bit immature than the others. Her focus is more on her friends rather than her studies. It is obvious that Mrs. Ortiz has the hardest time getting Mayra to be studious like Monica. Instead of using Monica as an inspiration, Mayra doesn’t want to be anything like her because Mrs. Ortiz is always comparing her to Monica. Mrs. Ortiz, who doesn’t know much English, expresses her frustration about the lack of English skills and how her Mayra is taking advantage of this weakness. Mrs. Ortiz is fed up with Mayra’s shenanigans and she wishes to send the fourteen year old to Dominican Republic. Unlike Aida, who doesn’t want to go back and finish her studies there, Mayra is agrees to finish high school in the Dominican Republic. Therefore, I consider her to be the least “American” out of all of her siblings even though she is born and brought up in the United States.

My American Girls

In My American Girls the girls were shaped in different ways because of the different communities they were part of. All the girls during their childhood lived in the same neighborhood of Sunset Park. Specifically, they lived in a Hispanic neighborhood of Sunset Park. However, not all of the girls were part of the Dominican community that was formed by Dominican immigrants. For example, Monica went to private school and therefore went to school with wealthier people who were not Dominican or Hispanic. Many of the people she was exposed to in school were Caucasian. She became more of an outsider to the Dominican Community because she hung out with non-Dominicans and had a way of life that was to the way of life the private school people had. The eighth grade girl on the other hand was very part of the Dominican community. She played outside with Dominicans and identified very strongly with being a Dominican. She did not go to the private school like Monica did.

The three daughters were all very different and had different experiences as American-Dominicans. For example, Monica was a very Americanized Dominican. She assimilated into the culture of the Americans at her school and seemed slightly offended when people did not recognize her as being Dominican. Her family in the Dominican Republic would tell her that she was Dominican and not American, and she did not like that. Monica also in a way fit into the American dream that is most discussed. Her mom was very poor when she came here and was not educated, but Monica was able to work hard and get a prestigious education, which opened up opportunities to her, in terms of jobs and life style. For example, right after she graduated college she was able to move to a wealthier part of Manhattan and get a job. The middle child had some similar qualities to Monica. She said that she did not want to turn out like some other kids she knew, who also probably came from immigrant families, and she wanted to work hard and be successful in America. She even took initiative by looking for a job for herself, but was fired very quickly. What she wanted to be in America and what was happening to her did not agree. The youngest daughter did not seem to care about being successful in America and also did not identify much with being an American. Considering her carefree lifestyle, her future in America was probably not much of a concern to her.

One part of the documentary that stuck out to me was the part where Monica talked with the other Dominican actress about the Dominican Republic. They were saying that the places their families came from in the Dominican Republic were very different in terms of their cultures. This made me think about the term “Hispanic”, which groups people in Latin America together. Based on the conversation, even saying Dominican is generalizing where someone is from. No matter what someone refers to another person as, a generalization may be made.