Question on Gastropolis chapter 2: The Food and Drink of New York from 1624 to 1898

This chapter discusses the Dutch settling New Amsterdam which later became New York when the English took over and outlines the different immigrants that came to the New World during this time period. The Irish, Germans, and French all came here during these few centuries and each immigrant group had an impact on the food of New York during this time. My question is, what is the relationship between where the immigrants came from and the type of dining establishments they opened? Why did certain immigrants from a country all open similar dining establishments, such as German immigrants opening “beer gardens” on the Lower East Side?

Question on Eat The City chapter 4: Sugar

How and in what ways did the sugar trade transform New York into a center of trade and commerce? Also, What was the appeal of this sugar or “white gold” that led it to become one of the most valuable commodities in the world in the eighteenth century?