Monthly Archives: April 2013

“Government Can’t Help? Tell that to the South Bronx” response

Today, some people lost confidence about American government because recently our country seemed to be having some problems with economics as well as warfare. We still haven’t completely recovered from economic recession; at the same time we are still having wars with Middle East country. People kind of lost their faith on government. The New York Times article “Government Can’t Help? Tell that to the South Bronx” really surprised me.

The article talks about how government helped to rebuild some parts of the city, such as South Bronx. Personally, I have never been to South Bronx, but it is surprising to know the changes that South Bronx has gone through. According to the article, places that were full of burnt-out buildings now had completely transformed into clean streets with new buildings. It is pleasant to see that our government didn’t forget about these undeveloped parts of the city.

When we are talking about the glamorous parts of New York City, most of us referred to central part of Manhattan. Yet, there were many other places seemed liked to be forgotten by the city. There were parts of area where people lived in bad conditions, for example the holes in Willet’s Point. By comparing areas like Willet’s Point with Downtown Manhattan, one can easily see the differences. It is difficult to find any similarities between these two places.

My favorite line from this article is by a 53-year-old woman, named Celida Pinet. She said, “The era of government may be in danger. But it saved the South Bronx.” I think that we shouldn’t gave up on our government, because during era of crisis, we have no choice but to trust them, and work with them. The government can’t help everyone at the same time, but they are making effort in constantly improving our life.

After reading this article, I find it to be very hopeful that our city will keep improving. Our government not only cares about the developments within those popular sites, but also unpopular areas with mainly residents. Our research projects are also about government projects. And I am very excited to see these projects to be built.

Government Can’t Help? Tell That to the South Bronx Response

The article “Government Can’t Help? Tell That to the South Bronx” by Michael Powell talks about how the government saved the South Bronx. The South Bronx reached a low point in the 1970’s, with significant poverty, gangs, drugs, fires, and more. However, that changed with the governments help, and the Bronx, along with many neighborhoods of Queens, Manhattan, and Brooklyn, is one of the greatest public rebuilding achievements since World War II.

Something that caught my eye was that former Mayor Ed Koch began the resurrection, and is continued today with great vigor by Mayor Michael Bloomberg. In the end, the Bloomberg administration will have invested more than $8 billion into building and preserving 165,000 apartments. This is something I hadn’t heard about before. Most of the things most people hear about are the negatives, and I also believed that the Bloomberg administration wasn’t really doing anything, or not enough to combat the housing crisis, so it is good to know that the government is actually doing something about it, but there is more to it than just building and preserving apartments, so I wonder if the problem could really ever truly be fixed by the government. Part of the problem is not having enough housing, but I think a larger problem is people not being able to afford housing, which there are many factors causing that.

Something related that I also found interesting was that the South Bronx could be seen as an example that the government can work on a large scale and accomplish remarkable tasks. This is something that many people think the government can’t do, and I think a lot of people don’t have faith in the government to accomplish much. Of course people tend to focus on the negatives, but it would be nice to read more and hear more about all the good things the government has done so people can trust policymakers more and not just think they are in it for themselves or won’t really do much in office.

From the title of the article, I expected it to be much different than it was. I thought that it would be about the poor conditions of the South Bronx and how they need government help to get by and improve conditions because when I think of the South Bronx, I think of a poor, dangerous area, filled with drugs and violence that is falling apart. I think this is how most people in New York who don’t really know about the South Bronx view the area. I never knew about the urban renewal in the 1980s or about the buildings mentioned in the article, which sound like they’ve really helped to improve the neighborhood.

Upon further research however, I found that many of the residents live below the poverty line, and drug and gang activity among other things are still common there. The last sentence of the article is “ The era of government may be in danger. But it saved the South Bronx.” I guess there are different ways to interpret this, but although the area is better than it was in the past, it doesn’t seem like the government actually “saved” the South Bronx. It seems like there is still much more the government can do to for the South Bronx and its residents.

In Re In Rem

It is often said that the only thing that devastates cities more than physical destruction is a poor housing policy. The term is often applied to those coming from underprivileged backgrounds, and the urban decay often wrought in low income areas. As has been a common theme in the readings in our class, Frank Braconi explores the failures and successes of New York’s public housing departments in combating urban abandonment and housing degradation.

Beginning largely in the 1960s and intensifying in the 1970s, a rather despairing trend began in New York. More and more people (mostly from low income areas), began abandoning their homes. The pattern was most observed in New York’s public housing units. As tenants began to vacate, landlords started neglecting their properties. Standard maintenance and upkeep went unheeded. Slowly but surely through back taxes and overdue fines, these delinquent properties began filtering into the possession of New York City. These In Rem housing stock quickly became a thorn in the side of New York. With tenant vacancy low,  the housing was costing more for the city to keep than  than the revenue rent was generating.

A number of initiatives were taken to manage the In Rem real estate from of party other than the city. One such as ideas implemented was the cooperative or co-op. In a co-op there are no said owners or landlords of an apartment building. Every tenant is a co-owner and services such as maintenance and heating are organize by the tenants. This idea is especially popular because it both eliminates the capitalistic for-profit component., while placing the responsibility for the well-being of the housing with the actual people who use it. I am in fact very intrigued by this concept of housing. Generally people are enticed by incentives. If your going to do something, your going to want to get some benefit from it. Co-ops capture that idea, and empower people to define their own destinies and living standards which I think is a marvelous idea.

Another propositions implemented by the New York housing authority handed over In Rem housing to non-profit organizations. The idea seems simple enough. Ideological groups such as non-profits who are not out to make a quick buck are best suited to run housing for the underprivileged. Yet as Mr. Braconi elaborated in his piece, there are still difficulties with this model. Generally, non-profits are hesitant to raise rents. With rising operating costs and skyrocketing utilizes in the 1970s and 80s, expenses began to outpace revenues. Thus non-profits who were unequipped psychological to raise rents were caught desperately off guard. This inability to make difficult decisions would constantly undermine the not-for-profit model.

Lastly, the housing authority began turning over their housing stock to for-profit businesses. This model happens to be the most controversial. Critics argue that for-profit organizations should be the last parties involved in housing for the poor and underprivileged. Yet, people respond to incentives. In many way for-profit enterprises are the only ones who actually have the incentive to keep and maintain delinquent housing. Personally, I believe a combination between for-profit housing and government subsidies could make for an effective match. In truth, this model proved to be one of the most successful employed by  the new york housing authorities.

“Government Can’t Help? Tell That to the South Bronx” Response

In the New York Times’ article, “Government Can’t Help? Tell That to the South Bronx,” author Michael Powell argues that the government is in fact capable of assisting the economy and taking care of its middle to low income families. Throughout the article he compares past experiences with the South Bronx, which used to be a destroyed, “burnt-out” area, to its present conditions. As a teenager, he believed that the South Bronx was a forgotten and disregarded neighborhood, with no chance of returning to glory or even moderate conditions. However, after touring the area 30 years later, he acknowledged that due to government efforts, it “stands as arguably the greatest public rebuilding achievement since World War II.”

After reading the article, I was very surprised from the fact that he refers to the South Bronx as an area of resurrection. To be honest, coming from Brooklyn, I always looked at the Bronx as a neighborhood filled with crime, violence and ghettos. I never imagined it as a safe area filled with decent apartment complexes and nice schools. According to Celida Pinet, a resident of the South Bronx, it sounds as if it is now a wonderful place to live and raise a family. Based on the success of the area, I’m surprised I haven’t heard about its resurgence until today.

I was also fascinated by the government’s success through these public housing initiatives. In his article, Powell mentions that by the end of the project, the Bloomberg administration will put about $8 billion into the construction of public housing complexes, building almost 165,000 apartments. It really comes to show you that the government has the power and the abilities to make a change in the lives of its citizens. Over the past couple of years, especially through our recent financial crisis, many Americans have lost faith and belief in the government. Hopefully, the South Bronx housing developments can help restore America’s trust in its government.

While reading the article, there was one point that Powell mentioned that really stuck out to me.He states that if you “walk the working-class neighborhoods of Memphis, Newark, Atlanta and even Chicago you still find acres of hopelessness.” This statement immediately reminded me of the public housing development of Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. Both were in terrible condition, however, in the end, the South Bronx would experience redevelopment and resurgence, while Pruitt Igoe would be knocked down. This made me consider what separates public housing developments from one another? Why are some projects successful and thriving, while others are full of violence and in utter destruction?

After reading Powell’s article, I realized that many of my thoughts pertaining to the government and the South Bronx had been misconceptions. It has altered my view regarding the government’s capabilities, by showing that it has done an excellent job in rebuilding and resurrecting an area that had previously been a ghetto filled with despair and crime. It really goes to show you that the government has the abilities to accomplish great things and hopefully it’ll help reestablish the faith of the American people in its government.

Braconi || Response

Before reading Frank P. Braconi’s excerpt, “In Re In Rem: Innovation and Expediency in New York’s Housing Policy”, I have never heard of in rem. Even as a New Yorker, it was certainly an unfamiliar term to me. It derives from Latin, meaning “against the thing”. But used in the context of housing today, the term refers to the range of rules, regulations, and programs governing foreclosed homes. Nonetheless, the program was initially developed to fix New York’s increasing during the late 1960-70s housing abandonment. A variety of strategies were implemented to counter the problem.

What exactly caused this wave of ditching New York? According to Braconi, the city was simply too expensive to live in. Two-thirds of the housing stock was rental housing, which made the city sensitive and vulnerable to “profit and loss calculations, as absentee investors are more likely to be aware of, and act upon, bookkeeping judgments than are owner-occupants” (95). Other factors include the city’s large public housing projects and rent regulations. Large-scale projects threatened the private rental stock and rent regulations undercut the availability of funds for operational costs.

Nonetheless, one thing I found particularly startling were the statistics provided in the reading. Braconi first states that operating costs increased exponentially during the 1970-80s. “Heating oil prices increased 430 percent and overall operating costs of apartment buildings in New York City rose by 131 percent, whereas the cumulative permitted rent increase for rent controlled apartments was 106% and for rent stabilized apartments 81 percent” (96). There were also data tables – one of which depicted great differences between in rem housing maintenance deficiencies and all rental housing maintenance deficiencies.

Today, New York City is still considered to be one of the most expensive places to live. But instead of facing housing abandonment problems, we are struggling to find more housing (particularly affordable housing). I think that another factor that played a role in the housing abandonment of the 1960-70s was the level of desirability of living in New York. Modern day improvements and advancements in the quality of life has increased the desirability of being here. So despite the high prices, people still choose to come or stay in New York.

Overall, I found the reading very informative and fascinating. Braconi provided great insight into New York City’s housing past, particularly the in rem program. And since I have never heard the term before this reading, I consider myself to be a ‘moderately informed member of the general public’ now (93). In addition, it was interesting to see how housing abandonment was such a big problem, whereas now, we face the exact opposite.

Braconi Response

“In Re In Rem: Innovation and Expediency in New York’s Housing Policy” talks about the the huge amount of foreclosed housing that is owned and managed by the city. I find it very interesting that during a single year, New York City became the manager of nearly 40,000 occupied apartments, resulting in the second-largest public housing authority in the country. However, this expense became too much for the city to bear and contradicted what its progressive housing tradition tried to avoid.

I also find it interesting that many new public initiatives come about as a result of global tragedies, such as World War II in this case. Another example of such an event was the legislation passed after the Stock Market Crash in 1929. New York has and most likely will remain dependent on rental housing since it gives them less requirement to take care of the living space.

Another factor that I found important was that operating costs were increasing for maintaining apartments in the city since heating oil prices increase drastically and overall operating costs of apartment buildings in New York City rose which did not make home ownership attractive. This also influenced the city to play a bigger role in the housing market and have a control of the rentals and pricing since it had a responsibility of fair but profitable housing.

The city owned buildings were not able to be well taken care of because they were not funded enough since the city did not have the resources for it. They had to provide affordable housing for low-income families so they were not able to ask for rents to raise funds to maintain the housing buildings. The city also would quickly realize that it would not be able to auction off its buildings to housing investors. This would force the city to continue to hold the apartment buildings that it was not able to make repairs to and fix up to make them better for its residents to live in.

Finally, I was also very interested by the effect of policy-generated homelessness and the increasing deepening of the culture of dependency. This culture has even become prominent in today’s New York City since people have become dependent on public housing and even financial aid. Some people give false information to take advantage of the city’s programs for social welfare. Although these programs have good intentions, they can be abused by people.

“Government Can’t Help? Tell That to the South Bronx” Response

The article in The New York Times entitled “Government Can’t Help? Tell That to the South Bronx,” by Michael Powell debunks many preconceptions that people may have of the government and of the Bronx. Firstly, it’s pretty rare to find someone defending the government when it comes to the economy. Secondly, most people probably would not classify the South Bronx as beautiful. I certainly follow along with those characteristics, or at least I used to. Reading this article made me reconsider stereotypes that I know to be pretty widespread in New York City.

The first one is about the government and the economy. Especially in the past few years, people have almost completely lost faith in the government to save us from the financial crisis. According to Powell, the government is very capable of doing so. Unfortunately, it isn’t in the way we think. People expect higher employment in the corporate world or a decrease in the national debt, so they overlook great strides in public housing. It’s gotten to the point that people really don’t trust the government to do anything that could possibly benefit them, so they just disregard it.

Along those lines, people just have a tendency to remember the bad things and forget all the good things. Of course it’s only natural to ignore one positive aspect when there are plenty more negative ones, but I think that’s just a horrible way to go about things. It’s slightly upsetting that this article had to be written to show people that the government can actually do something. Maybe it is a miracle, but we shouldn’t have that mindset in the first place. We expect so vigorously for our government to fail us that we can’t accept any of their victories at all.

The second stereotype is about the South Bronx being beautiful. Perhaps this is a result of people ignoring the government’s successes, but I had no idea that the area had even changed, let alone to such a great extent. It seems that the stories of what the South Bronx looked like in the 1970s have been passed down and live on even today. Considering that New York has always done relatively well with its public housing initiatives, I’m surprised that knowledge of the South Bronx’s reconstruction isn’t more popular. Even so, it sounds wonderful. It sounds like all of these developments have been nothing but an asset to the area and its residents.

Going back to my earlier point about not trusting the government, the John A. Boehner quote is really disappointing. If that’s really the case, who can we count on? What era are we moving into?  Who will be responsible for growing the economy? Will it be any different? Were this new entity to fail, would we blame them and then decide to move on again? That doesn’t sound like a very promising start. The best way to approach this, which I think Powell was trying to get across, is to recognize the good things. Failure is inevitable, but success, no matter how small in comparison, still deserves acknowledgement.