Dr. Edyta Greer, Baruch College

Author: Abishek Johnson

Final Reflection

Coming into this seminar, I was not sure what to expect. Would it be Chemistry based because of Professor Greer’s background, would it relate to the science of NYC, or maybe a combination? I quickly learned that I would learn a diverse set of skills from this class. From learning how to write a proper abstract, how to use Chicago style MLA guidelines, and how to properly use the scientific method to create presentable and publishable work was something I took pride in. As the class draws near an end, I have highlights as well as things I would change in this class.

Some of highlights include the small experiments we would do in class, like creating snow or even setting things on fire. I wish this was something we did more of throughout the year. The Soap Lab was something I really enjoyed, whether it was just creating something useful or applying science in a way I never thought of before was eye opening. Other highlights include how group oriented this class. Working with peers always made the experience more enjoyable, such as going to BioBlitz together and working on our two major projects together.

Some things I might change in this class is all the times we spent learning about remedial subjects, such as the lesson on statistics. I believe that time could’ve have been better used, such as working on our projects. We also had too many assignments due too often in my opinion, which definitely caused stress throughout points in the semester.

However, this class was still informative and I learned a lot, I am grateful to my Professors and peers for making this experience what it was.

Reflection Blog Post #2

Working alongside my peers in the MakerHub Lab on the TinkerCad interface developing our 3D Healthcare Innovation really opened up my eyes to the importance of the experimental design aspect of a scientific project. Without our initial attention to detail in our learning phases of TinkerCad, properly building our 3D Healthcare Innovation would have been much more difficult without the knowledge we gained from that training period we spent in the MakerHub Lab. Those experiences helped to shape the way we approached the construction and development of our prototype to hold and cool severed body parts in the case of emergencies. Although this process was vital, I never realized how vital it would become because as we developed our prototype, we had to account and include in the previous steps of the Scientific Method. This proved imperative to the success of building an efficient 3D prototype that followed our observations and was measured by data analysis around how large to make the box depending on the average size of common human limbs that were severed. If we didn’t account for this previous data and observations, we would be developing an incomplete and incompetent experimental design. Overall, this learning process building and developing our 3D Healthcare Innovation really taught me to factor in the other steps of the scientific process in order to produce the best results.

– AJ Johnson

HI Project Proposal – Refrigeration Cube

Group Members: Mark, Karishma, AJ

        Emergency rooms across America come face to face with limb amputations and cases with detached body parts caused by household accidents. While treatment of such cases has progressed due to evolving medical technology, a large factor in these cases is the handling of the detached body part from the site of the accident to the hospital. Many people are unaware of the right procedure to follow in such cases and thus, choose to ice the body part while waiting for appropriate medical care. However, this method actually damages the limb further and decreases the chances of successful reattachment. The best practice would be to first disinfect the limb and then cool it within measure, never putting it directly in contact with ice. Furthermore, when ambulances do arrive on the scene of the accident, they also lack best practices to handle the body part. Our proposed healthcare innovation is a refrigeration box that has two compartments: one to disinfect the body part and the other to keep it at an optimal temperature until appropriate medical care is available. The settings of the box would allow you to control the temperature of the box in order to adjust it for different body parts.

        Our group was inspired not only by our personal experiences with cases dealing with bad injuries, but also because we have done extensive research to come to the conclusion that the majority of everyday civilians don’t know what to do when confronted with this issue, and even worse, there hasn’t been enough developed technology to make this treatment process efficient yet safe. We also knew that the reattachment of limbs was greatly affected by the process of taking care of the severed appendages, arteries, and veins. As stated by Elana Glowatz, “No matter where surgeons attach an errant limb, the process involves restoring blood flow in the appendage by re-connecting the arteries, through which blood enters the body part, and the veins, through which it leaves.” (Glowatz 2018) Overall, we confirmed a lot about what we already knew on the background of our healthcare innovation, but also learned a lot of new interesting facts that enabled us to take into account the temperature we wanted to set inside our box, the different dimensions, as well as the different target groups we wanted to advertise too.

        With regards to the functionality of the product, as stated earlier, we plan for it to be a refrigeration cube that is divided into two sections: the disinfection side and the preservation side. The purpose of this cube is to enable the severed body part to maintain future functionality while being detached from the body. By using the refrigeration cube, there will potentially be a much higher success rate of attaching disjointed limbs, compared to the old method of separately disinfecting the body part, putting it in a bag, and then placing it on ice. Our target market for this product was originally predominantly for ambulances and hospitals. Although this is still our main avenue, we plan to market to the military as well. There are many cases of individuals losing limbs, and we believe our product will be able to help in the process of re-attaching those limbs more properly and efficiently.

        Overall, as we create 3D models of our product and do further research surrounding the technicals and necessity of this product, we are certain that we can create a useful refrigeration cube. With proper research and development, we will be able to find the ideal target market and turn our idea into a marketable, successful, and helpful product.

Reattachment of Severed Limbs Healthcare Innovation

Healthcare Innovation

Group Members: Mark Kashani and Karishma Malhotra

Peer-Reviewed Journal

Allen, Frederick M. 1945. Refrigeration in general surgery of limbs. The American Journal of Surgery 68, Nr. 2: 170-184. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(45)90101-2, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0002961045901012 (Zugegriffen: 10. Oktober 2018).

This peer reviewed journal on the American Journal of Surgery from Science Direct, written by Frederick Allen, mainly encompasses the theme of refrigeration when looking at severed pieces of the body. It talks about the effects of this process on the limbs of the body and how it has been used in surgery as well. Whether reattaching severed limbs or not, refrigeration is vital to keep the body parts safe and sound until the doctor and patient agree on what to do with it. This is another source that helps to prove how vital our innovation is. Without it, patients may not be able to properly keep their limbs cold until the get to the hospital delaying the process and putting their body parts at risk.

Popular Article

Glowatz, Elana. 2018. Stitching A Severed Limb To A Different Part Of The Body: How It Works And Why We Do It. Medical Daily. https://www.medicaldaily.com/stitching-severed-limb-different-part-body-how-it-works-and-why-we-do-it-406611 (Zugegriffen: 10. Oktober 2018).

This popular article, written by Elana Glowatz on Medical Daily, encompasses the topics of potentially attaching a severed limb to another part of the body. This article references another article from Slate News and uses many of the authors points on how to first secure the body parts so tissue and nerve damage won’t set in before any reattachment surgery. I used this as a source to promote the importance of our healthcare innovation because if a body part is not first preserved correctly, there can be no way surgeons reattach it, even to another part of the body is possible.

Popular Article:

Hosier, Fred. 2010. “What to do When Body Parts Falls off.” Safety News Alert, September 20.

The author of the popular article, Fred Hosier, a writer for the Safety News Alert (OSHA) outlet, was able to give more in depth information on a topic many of us are not well versed in. By giving a simple step by step procedure on what to do in the unfortunate situation a body part gets severed off, we are reminded of what not to do and what to do. Hosier goes into the specifics of what to do with limbs as well as teeth that may have fallen out. This article once again helps to support our healthcare innovation because it reminds readers not to put body parts directly into contact with ice, for it will have damaging effects on the nerve endings.

BioBlitz Worksheet – Mark, Karishma, AJ

Group Members: Mark Kashani, Karishma Malhotra, AJ Johnson

1. What is the final version of the question you are interested in asking?

How does the variation of plant life in NYC Parks affect each respective environment?

2. List some keywords to use when searching for related scientific literature. Be specific!

Ecosystem, air quality, water quality (acidity), variation, germination, roots/taproots, chlorophyll, chloroplast

3. Where will your data come from? Do you need to collect new data? Please describe.

Our data will primarily come from the BioBlitz research that has been conducted over the past few years in the various NYC parks. The BioBlitz observations will enable us to understand what fauna and flora are found in the parks; however, we will be doing some outside research to figure out exactly how the specific plants found in these areas affect the surrounding environment.

4. What will you be measuring or comparing? What are the dependent and independent variables?

We will be measuring the characteristics of certain plants in different parks, then comparing those characteristics to see the effects on the surrounding environment. The independent variables will be the plants, and their characteristics, found throughout NYC Parks. Meanwhile, the dependent variables will be the surrounding air quality, water quality, animals, and insects with respect to plant life.

5. Please make a list of your methods. If you are using existing BioBlitz data, you do not need to describe those data collection methods on this worksheet, but you do need to describe how you are extracting the relevant data from the entire BioBlitz data set.

  1. Begin by analyzing our own plant observations from BioBlitz (which we have a picture of), and cross-reference them with other plant observations to find the most abundant species
  2. Then use previous BioBlitz data to collect information on plant life in other NYC Parks
  3. Organize our data to portray the 5 most abundant plant species in each park
  4. Then go back to the BioBlitz Data Base, including observations from this year, and write down observations about air quality, water quality, animal life, and insect life
  5. Lastly, use outside research to connect how these specific plants found in the parks impact their surrounding environment and lead to the outcomes shown by the dependent variables

6. Why is this question interesting to you? Why should others care about this topic?

This research question is of interest to our group because after visiting Inwood Hill Park, we realized the variation of plant life in each park across NYC and the major impact it had on each environment it was placed in. Others should share this same concern because they may live in many similar environments and there may be plant life in our experiment that can improve the quality of their environment.

A Glove-Like Brace for Injured Hands/Fingers

Throughout my years playing sports, I’ve been injured quite a few times. Luckily for every sprained ankle, bad back, or hyperextended elbow, there have always been some sort of brace. Recently after splitting the finger webbing in my hand and getting stitches in a freak basketball accident, I noticed there was no real brace for your hand to cover all parts of the affected area. Some were just wrist protectors while others just focused on the fingers, what about the area in between? I struggled for a while to do things like washing dishes or holding a pencil because the damaged area was always exposed and involved. This innovation will hopefully help anyone that faces similar injuries in the future.

Reflection on Hot Topic Presentations and Author Styles of Writing – Blog #1

In the case I was an author for The Washington Post, writing about a recent healthcare discovery or innovation, I would definitely strategize to appeal to an overall general readership, as opposed to limiting my audience to just science and healthcare fanatics. This may include using easy scientific jargon, maybe not as easily found in the Primary Source Journal, but depicted in a way that still gets the main themes of the study across in layman’s terms. Other than merely simplifying scientific jargon, different elements include using easy to read graphs and creative images that each have accurate descriptions which would provide to make the reading experience more suited to the general public all while maintaining the integrity of the science discovered in the studies.

Throughout the presentation of our Hot Topic Research, some areas I’ve noticed that authors can improve upon when dealing with science based articles, is that they need to leave their personal bias out of it. The majority of authors, including the author of my healthcare innovation, Joel Achenbach, cited other scientists, unrelated to the study, that supported a few of his own personal claims on the study he was writing his article on. Although the writers have the freedom to give their own take, when presenting scientific evidence, it is better to stay along the lines of the primary source.

– AJ JOHNSON

School Nurses vs Personal Healthcare Providers

Overall, the major issue that many nurses in schools face while treating their students is the miscommunication between personal healthcare advisors and the policies of school districts as well. Unique emergency action plans school nurses have in play for their students sometimes coincide with the guidelines set by the students and parents’ doctors. Recent experiments have shown that lack of treatment due to these reasons have caused major repurcussions when dealing with student safety concern. (Boyce et al., 2010; Carlisle et a., 2010; Fleischer et al., 2012; Nowak-Wegrzyn, 2012b).

Alcohol Wasted on You

Popular Article:

Achenbach, Joel. 2018. “Safest Level of Alcohol Consumption Is None, Worldwide Study Shows.” The Washington Post. August 23, 2018. Accessed September 07, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/safest-level-of-alcohol-consumption-is-none-worldwide-study-shows/2018/08/23/823a6bec-a62d-11e8-8fac-12e98c13528d_story.html?utm_term=.c9821f49416c.

Primary Source:

GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators. 2018. Alcohol Use and Burden for 195 Countries and Territories, 1990–2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.” The Lancet, August 23, 2018. Accessed September 07, 2018. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31310-2.