Dr. Edyta Greer, Baruch College

Author: demirmcrae

Blog Post 3

When I think about this class, I find it ironic because it is supposed to be about the Sciences of the New York, but the projects we did only applied to New York in that it was data that was collected in New York. I feel that there are aspects to science unique to New York that can be explored to make the class more New York centric.

I enjoyed the labs. It wasn’t the first time I was in a lab. I had to do labs in high school as well, but something made it different. Also, the lab reports were made easy to do by the instructions given to us and that made the workload bearable in comparison to other classes.

An issue I had with the class was doing two projects at the same time. I understand that the class was structured that way so that we have options, but when we chose which one we wanted to do, we should’ve worked 100% on that project instead of splitting the work between two projects. One thing about the way the main project of the class was structured was that there were several things we had to submit before the final project was due. Having those small things due in between the day the project was assigned and the day the project was due helped out my time management skills.

This class was an interesting experience for me. It originally felt like an obligation and it still feels that way, but that doesn’t mean that there were things I was able to take advantage of while I was in the class. This class was less “traditional science” than normal and more “data science” than normal. That made it a better experience than if it was a traditional science class and scientific jargon was used the whole semester. The class allowed me to work muscles that I haven’t worked in a very long time. It also showed me how data science and data analytics can be widely used for basically most things in life.

 

 

 

Blog Post 2

I went into the lab thinking it was not going to be a good experience. In high school, I thought going to lab once a week was boring and I didn’t like it. Surprisingly, I enjoyed it. Although we didn’t get the result that was intended, it was an enjoyable experience. Experiments fascinate me, maybe because I’m a Statistics major. I enjoy asking a question and then being able to put together an experiment in hopes that it would be able to answer your question. I think that’s what made me want to major in Statistics and I think that’s what made this whole process fun.There are certain things that need to be in an experiment for it to be considered valid and I was able to see that in the experimental design at the end. This also opened my eyes to what scientists have to go through on a regular basis when developing medicine. Granted, they use machines, but even if you do everything right in terms of putting everything together, there can still be a chance that there is a contamination somewhere. As a result, the medicine that you worked hard on wouldn’t be able to be consumed by people.

HI Proposal — Back Brace for Scoliosis

Group Members: Weihang, Demir, Justin

The healthcare problem that we want to address is scoliosis. According to Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis, scoliosis is defined as “a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine characterized by a lateral deviation of at least 10 degrees.” It can also be classified into three categories: congenital, neuromuscular, and idiopathic. We will focus on idiopathic scoliosis, which can be classified based on the age of the child at presentation. Early onset is when scoliosis presents itself from age 5-7 and late onset is if scoliosis presents itself from age 7 till maturity.

According to a New York Times article, there is evidence that wearing a back brace will slow the progression of the most common form of scoliosis in adolescents. Because we know that wearing a back brace slows progression of the most common form of scoliosis in adolescents, we can build further upon that conclusion. Back braces are usually clunky and extremely noticeable. We’re trying to make it less clunky and less noticeable, but have it function the same or even better than the current back braces now.

I think this innovation will function as well as current back braces. Commercially, I think this can do well. This product is always going to be in demand because, until there is a cure, people are always going to have scoliosis. Also, we can spend less money on supplies because this is going to be smaller than most back braces which will allow us to make more of a profit. Also, instead of purchasing different medical pills trying to alleviate the effect of scoliosis, people can now just use this innovation to treat this disease, saving lots of money and having a better outcome eventually. Therefore, commercially, we believe it will bring very positive impacts and feedback in the market. Our market is going to be heavily geared toward the medical profession. Doctors would take the measurements of patients’ and with those measurements, we should be able to build braces.  Additionally, the use of 3-D printed materials will allow us to be able to customize each model for each patient by adjusting the model in Tinkercad.

BioBlitz Research Question

Group Members: Demir Mcrae and Weihang Ke

  1. What is the final version of the question you are interested in asking?
    • How do the rising temperatures from climate change impact the species found in NYC parks?
  2. List some keywords to use when searching for related scientific literature. Be specific!
    • The temperature of past summers, Species in Inwood Hill Park, Effects of climate change, Species affected by temperature
  3. Where will your data come from? Do you need to collect new data? Please describe.
    • Our data would mostly come from different parks in NYC, specifically Inwood Hill Park. Also, our data would come from the internet and database through Baruch. We will need to collect some new data because we haven’t really paid attention to the species in NYC parks before. Therefore, we need to know how many different species are in the park, and the number of each species. Additionally, we will also take notes of the approximate location the species are in. We will also need to know the temperature that time so that comparison can be made.
  4. What will you be measuring or comparing? What are the dependent and independent variables?
    • We will be measuring the types of species that we see in the park and the change temperatures throughout the year. Depending on how the temperature changes, we will see what the cross-section of species is in the park. The independent variable is the temperature. The dependent variables are the species.
  5. Please make a list of your methods. If you are using existing BioBlitz data, you do not need to describe those data collection methods on this worksheet, but you do need to describe how you are extracting the relevant data from the entire BioBlitz data set.
    • As we are comparing the temperature over time, we will need to research the average temperature and how it has changed over time for both NYC itself as well as the average temperature recorded in specific parks (if available).  Then, we will compare our research to research found on the animals in the park. This will include the number of species, the count of animals of that species, etc. to determine the overall well being of species found in these city parks.  By comparing the average temperature changes to the possible changes in the overall well being of the species of the parks, we will be able to conclude how a rising temperature from climate change has impacted the species found in NYC parks.
  6. Why is this question interesting to you? Why should others care about this topic?
    • Our group members have always been concerned about climate change because global warming has been such a serious issue that needs everyone’s attention and action. We assume that no one is unfamiliar with global warming and the devastating consequences it can bring to our lives and to “Mother Earth”, including rising sea levels and causing severe droughts. New York, a city with different opportunities in different industries, inevitably contributes to the phenomenon of global warming. Since it is already so rare to see different organisms in NYC, we wonder in what ways rising temperature would harm the species in NYC parks. Rather than being interested in this question, we would say that it is our responsibility to learn about it and do whatever to minimize the negative impacts so that nature would continue being prolific with species. In terms of why others should care, we are all parts of Earth, and it would be so beautiful to stop to see the nature in such an overwhelming city.

Demir McRae – Back Brace

Group Members: Weihang, Justin

Weinstein, Stuart L., Lori A. Dolan, James G. Wright, Matthew B. Dobbs. “Effects of Bracing in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis.” New England Journal of Medicine 369, no. 16 (2013): 1512-1521. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1307337

These authors are all doctors(of medicine or philosophy) which shows their qualification to speak on the subject. This articles speaks to the benefits of bracing scoliosis. We would use the data in this article to help support the use of this innovation. 

Choudhry, Muhammad Naghman, Zafar Ahmad, Rajat Verma. “Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.” The Open Orthopedics Journal 10, (2016): 143-154. doi: 10.2174/1874325001610010143 

One of the authors works in a hospital and the other two are a part of an orthopedic research unit. This provides a decent introduction to the subject of scoliosis. It provides a history and definition of scoliosis.

Saint Louis, Catherine. “Study Affirms Benefit of Back Braces as Scoliosis Treatment.” New York Times, September 19, 2013. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/20/health/new-study-lends-conclusive-support-to-a-scoliosis-treatment.html

This author has a wide range of topics she writes about so she may not be specifically qualified to talk about this topic in particular. However, she is referring to an article in a popular journal. This also speaks to the benefit of braces as a treatment for scoliosis. It also briefly talks about how studies of braces; effectiveness has produced inconsistent results. 

Finger Splint

I had a fractured finger when I was in middle school. When I had to get the splint, it took a long time for me to get one so it started healing. This would be a possible immediate and also temporary remedy for a finger fracture until you get something that fits you perfectly.

Blog Post 1

If I had to author an article in the New York Times, there are a few elements to make it appeal to a broader audience while still being scientifically sound. One of the things everyone would do is simplify the information from the primary source. I think that sometimes this can be dangerous because the information from the primary source can be oversimplified. This could cause the facts to be distorted which can create some fallacies in the report. Other than simplifying scientific jargon, a good representation of scientific research in a popular report is providing data with visual aides. This is a good way to simplify data, but not distort it.

 

The whole theme here is oversimplification. I think that is something that authors of popular reports about science need to improve upon. However, I think that has more to do with the authors’ backgrounds than the authors themselves. If the author has a degree in the discipline that they are writing in, they most likely will already know how to simplify the information is the primary source, but authors who don’t have degrees in the discipline they write about may not have a working knowledge of the topic and therefore may dumb down the facts too much.

 

 

Immunotherapy Drugs Slow Cancer That Has Spread to the Brain

Popular Article:

Grady, Denise. “Immunotherapy Drugs Slow Skin Cancer That Has Spread to the Brain,” New York Times, Aug. 22, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/22/health/melanoma-immunotherapy-brain-tumors.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Fhealth

Primary source:

Tawbi, Hussein A., Forsyth, Peter A., Algazi, Alain, Hamid, Omid, Hodi, F. Stephen, Moschos, Stergios J., Khushalani, Nikhil I. et al, “Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Melanoma Metastatic to the Brain.” New England Journal of Medicine 379: 722-730. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1805453