MHC Seminar 1, Professor Casey Henry

Author: aidansub

STEAM Project: György Ligeti and Micropolyphony

Slideshow: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1FoX4767y52cGqTh6rJdZ4PEom-nkZVAUXtnvb7lVpmE/edit?usp=sharing

Continuum” for vocals, originally for Harpsichord by György Ligeti

Abstract:

Music is an integral part of culture and society, and a lot can be told about a particular group by the music they listen to. Pop icons such as Lady Gaga, Shakira, and Dua Lipa are all prime examples of basic American musical phenomenon, and yet there is one trait that ties them all together: tonality. Put very briefly, all of their music makes sense because it all falls into a very concise, harmonically sound musical standard called a key signature. However, what happens when an artist decides to ignore tonality altogether and use all twelve notes concurrently?

Enter György Ligeti, a Hungarian born composer who brought a new light to the concept of atonality in music. Instead of ignoring chord structure like his contemporaries, he decided to create his own musical texture called micropolyphony, which embraced ideas of harmony and chords in a fashion similar to polyphony, but still maintained the dissonant styles and structures of other atonal works. Though he insisted that his music was “non-atonal,” it still pioneered a new take on the idea of the limits of musical structure and theory.

My project is more of an introduction to Ligeti than it is a musical analysis of all of his pieces. I will include samples of Ligeti performances and even some live demonstration (via Garageband) of typical chord structures compared to atonal dissonance. My media aspect is my own take on a Ligeti piece, titled “Continuum,” which is brief enough to very simply demonstrate the ways in which Ligeti used micropolyphony to create layered chords that seem to melt into one another.

The Tumblr Aesthetic: Marketing and Fashion

One thing that was running through my mind as I read the articles on advertisement was the connection between Tumblr and various cheap fashion websites throughout the internet. A certain popular wing of tumblr takes on this sort of grungy, high-fashion kind of vibe that embodies each individual user’s “aesthetic,” and they all try to reblog as many things as they can adherent to their personal aesthetic motif. In terms of fashion blogs, this usually means a very polished yet rustic aesthetic, kind of like an article of clothing you’d buy at a thrift shop but a lot more polished and maybe even a little snootier.

One thing that accompanies this aesthetic, though, is promotions from various different tumblr users for sites like Romwe and Shein, which offer the clothes shown in pictures like these for an absurdly affordable price. Although it seems very individualistic and edgy, it instead acts as a direct pipeline between what’s thought of as “edgy” and “different” in terms of fashion and common people on tumblr. The result is generally a large group of people taking pictures in the same shirt and uploading them to their blogs, which could be as much of a blessing as it is a curse.

Michaelangelo to Rodin: Decay of Art

The transition of the five hundred some odd years between Michaelangelo and Rodin is so starkly symbolic of a “decay” in artistic values and ideals throughout history. When we look at Renaissance sculptures, we see a lot of very clean cut pieces of art that seem almost too perfect. The stone is smooth and cut completely, any traces of its original form almost completely lost to the polishedness of the figures. The godly themes of Michaelangelo’s work are almost translated in how perfectly and cleanly his pieces are cut. Even in the drafting process, his forms clearly have had a lot of work put into them, demonstrating meticulous attention to the most minute of details.

Meanwhile, Rodin’s pieces almost resemble what one would imagine Michaelangelo’s pieces looking like a couple thousand years down the road. The forms that were once stark and ethereal are now suddenly gross and molten-looking, as though one had poured battery acid onto the stones upon their completion. He is also very conscious of his leaving of the original form of the stone, the artist making sure that the clandestine form of his medium still gets some attention and is not neglected by the viewer. You’re almost forced to recognize that this was once a piece of stone, and that the forms we recognize as “perfect” and “godly” root themselves in imperfection. Rodin cared less about sanctity and more about humanity.

Macho Masculinity in Mean Streets and Ghostface

Throughout Mean Streets, a constant motif of toxic masculinity and uncouthness in order to seem more masculine was very much apparent. The main characters embody this through their lives of crime, considering themselves as the alphas of their social group due to the lives they lead. Everything is about doing things with the boys — whether that be organized crime, hanging around swanky strip clubs, or full on homicide. This can be correlated to Ghostface Killah’s extremities in vulgarity and violence because both sort of emphasize this very twisted approach to conventional masculinity. The idea of being a murderer or a thug or a mobster is enticing in these contexts because they embody some sort of solidarity between the “alpha males” of a social class. The ease at which both sides disregard their effeminate counterparts, such as when Ghostface openly spoke out against gay rappers, is an example of both sides’ toxic masculinity, and the violent content of their characters only serves as a medium to express said masculinity.

Womack, Studio Museum, and Harlem

Womack and the culture-rich exhibit at the Studio Museum both exhibit a quality of Harlem that is unapologetic in its level of ecclesiastic allure and shows pride in the culture that has arisen in its prime. Of course, the wealthier southern half of New York City tends to view anything past 110th Street as something of a “ghetto” wasteland, whereas the term ghetto’s meaning is not something for them to define or characterize in the first place. Bob Womack’s song Across 110th Street serves to convey this outsider-looking-in attitude held by the wealthy businessmen and “fine arts” that take their home in Midtown while the upper half of Manhattan’s art and business remains totally stigmatized. This was conveyed in a majority of the pieces in the Studio Museum, depicting Harlem culture as something of an inside joke that only Harlemites understand, and celebrating this closed space they have built for themselves. Of course, this didn’t sugar coat Harlem at all, and the mess of metropolitan imagery layered with dark, austere colors in some of the image conveys some of the darkness in the area, but rather than shun or disregard that darkness, it incorporated it into the art and made something of an artistic yin-yang balance that reflected that of Harlem itself.

Frank O’Hara and J. G. Baillard: Contrasts in Utopia

Frank O’Hara’s view of New York City seems distinctly blissful and optimistic compared to J.G. Baillard’s view, mainly because of how the city seems to just sort of blend into the background of his poems. The subject is hardly ever the city itself — the subject of Having a Coke With You is instead O’Hara’s lover — and yet New York City plays an essential part in setting the relationship. Mentions of the art in the Frick museum downtown or how his lover’s beauty has somehow diminished the works of Marcel Duchamp, a prominent New York dadaist, make sure that the subject of the poem is not the city itself, and yet the city gets the appraise and  mention it is worthy of in his works.

In a way, the Frick itself functions as a way for O’Hara to experience his love through the city, mentioning how he’s thankful “[he hasn’t] gone yet so [they] can go together for the first time.” The city is a place he wants to experience in his newfound love, and he wants to live vicariously through the eyes of his lover as he experiences its beauty for the first time, almost as a parallel to the newness of their courtship.

Baillard’s view meanwhile encompasses a sort of claustrophobia that is understandable in such a massive setting as New York City. In his hyperbolic futurist view, he manages to create a setting where people are not used to a room that isn’t filled with people (which realistically isn’t too far from the truth concerning the city — try finding a train that isn’t overcrowded during the day), and yet when his characters finally find a space that isn’t full of people, the setting becomes curious and new. Of course, this whole line of plot embodies a variety of dystopia that is more psychological than tyrannical, as it’s not necessarily the government’s fault that Ward and Rossiter aren’t used to closed spaces. Of course, the city eventually manages to corrupt the space, and Ward becomes the thing he hates when he turns into its landlord.

Bjork’s song “Enjoy” sort of embodies the exaggerated idea of city-goers that Baillard has characterized in Ward and Rossiter. One could say this song represents the city lover who has become so obsessed with the crowd and the speed of the crowded city that they’ve lost their sense of personality. Bjork’s song uses metaphor to discuss what it feels like to become in tune with the speed of the bustling activity of London in 1995, which could be translated into this futuristic overcrowded New York City.